California currently produces about a quarter of the world’s pistachios. Pistachio nuts are susceptible to feeding by stink bugs and leaffooted bugs; therefore, the invasive presence of the highly polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a concern to California pistachio growers. We aimed to assess the potential of H. halys to cause yield loss and nut damage to pistachios, which had not yet been assessed in the field. Over two years, terminal branch ends with pistachio clusters were enclosed in organdy cages from spring to fall and exposed to either H. halys, the native stink bug Chinavia hilaris Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), or leaffooted bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), for 4–7-day feeding periods at different times of the season. We found that H. halys adults cause more epicarp lesions (external damage) when recorded at harvest time than the native species. They did not, however, cause more kernel necrosis (internal damage) than the two native species tested, which is a more relevant damage criterion for commercial production. There were no differences among insect species for any other recorded damage criteria. We conclude that H. halys could cause similar damage as the native species but note that H. halys population densities in California are still low and future damage levels will be dependent on this pest’s population density.

中文翻译：

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将入侵的棕背臭臭虫与当地开心果的臭味臭虫和叶脚臭虫的进食危害进行比较

加利福尼亚目前生产世界开心果的约四分之一。阿月浑子坚果易受臭虫和叶足虫侵害。因此，加利福尼亚开心果种植者担心高度多食性的褐色mar臭臭虫（Halyomorpha halys（Stål）（半翅目：Pentatomidae））的侵入性存在。我们旨在评估H. halys引起开心果产量损失和坚果损害的潜力，目前尚未进行评估。在过去的两年中，从春季到秋季，将开心果簇的末端分支末端封闭在器官笼中，并暴露于H. halys，本地臭虫Chinavia hilaris Say（Hemiptera：Pentatomidae）或叶足虫Leptoglossus zonatus（达拉斯）（半翅目：金龟科），在季节的不同时间进行4-7天的喂养。我们发现在收获时记录的H. halys成虫比本地物种造成更多的果皮损伤（外部损害）。但是，它们没有引起比所测试的两个本地物种更多的内核坏死（内部损害），这是商业生产中更相关的损害标准。对于其他任何记录的危害标准，昆虫种类之间没有差异。我们得出的结论是，H。halys可能造成与本地物种相似的破坏，但是请注意，加利福尼亚州的H. halys种群密度仍然很低，未来的破坏程度将取决于该害虫的种群密度。