Polar lipids from microalgae have aroused greater interest as a natural source of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), an alternative to fish, but also as bioactive compounds with multiple applications. The present study aims to characterize the polar lipid profile of cultured microalga Emiliania huxleyi using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS) and fatty acids (FA) analysis by gas chromatography (GC–MS). The lipidome of E. huxleyi revealed the presence of distinct n-3 PUFA (40% of total FA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), which give this microalga an increased commercial value as a source of n-3 PUFA present in the form of polar lipids. A total of 134 species of polar lipids were identified and some of these species, particularly glycolipids, have already been reported for their bioactive properties. Among betaine lipids, the diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC) class is the least reported in microalgae. For the first time, monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine (MMPE) has been found in the lipidome of E. huxleyi. Overall, this study highlights the potential of E. huxleyi as a sustainable source of high-value polar lipids that can be exploited for different applications, namely human and animal nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

中文翻译：

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培养的 Emiliania huxleyi 的极性脂质组：与生物技术应用相关的生物活性脂质的来源

来自微藻的极性脂质作为 omega-3 ( n -3) 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)的天然来源引起了更大的兴趣，它是鱼类的替代品，也是具有多种用途的生物活性化合物。本研究旨在使用亲水相互作用液相色谱结合高分辨率质谱 (HILIC-MS) 和气相色谱 (GC-MS) 分析脂肪酸 (FA)来表征培养的微藻Emiliania huxleyi的极性脂质谱。E. huxleyi的脂质组显示存在不同的n -3 PUFA（占总 FA 的 40%），即二十二碳六烯酸 (22:6 n -3) 和十八碳六烯酸 (18:4 n-3)，这使这种微藻作为以极性脂质形式存在的n -3 PUFA的来源具有更高的商业价值。共鉴定了 134 种极性脂质，其中一些物种，特别是糖脂，已经报道了它们的生物活性特性。在甜菜碱脂质中，二酰基甘油基羧基羟甲基胆碱 (DGCC) 类在微藻中报道最少。首次在E. huxleyi的脂质组中发现了单甲基磷脂酰乙醇胺 (MMPE) 。总的来说，这项研究强调了E. huxleyi作为高价值极性脂质的可持续来源的潜力，可用于不同的应用，即人类和动物营养、化妆品和药物。