Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 consists of five targets ranging from the eradication of hunger and malnutrition to doubling productivity of small-scale farmers and ensuring sustainable and resilient food production systems. Trade-offs and synergies arise between strategies to achieve any one of these targets, which complicates the use of evidence to guide policies and investments since most analyses focus solely on one objective. This gives rise to ‘blind spots’ in the evidence base, where acting to achieve one objective can have strong impacts on achieving others, hampering attempts to establish a systematic approach to attaining the multiple objectives of SDG 2. Here, we focus on three key blind spots that arise from potential interactions between increasing agricultural productivity and enhancing the sustainability of food production systems, eradicating hunger and malnutrition, and increasing the resilience of food production systems to climate change. Incorporating the consideration of synergies and trade-offs into policy-making is also essential; however, there is relatively little evidence of this occurring in national policies to date.

可持续发展目标（SDG）2包括五个目标，从消除饥饿和营养不良到使小农的生产率提高一倍以及确保可持续和有弹性的粮食生产系统。在实现这些目标中的任何一个的战略之间都需要权衡和协同作用，这使证据的使用难以指导政策和投资，因为大多数分析仅集中于一个目标。这在证据基础中产生了“盲点”，在其中采取行动来实现一个目标可能会对实现其他目标产生重大影响，从而阻碍了为实现可持续发展目标2的多个目标而建立系统性方法的尝试。我们关注三个主要的盲点，这些盲点是由于提高农业生产力和增强粮食生产系统的可持续性，消除饥饿和营养不良以及增强粮食生产系统对气候变化的适应力之间的潜在相互作用而产生的。将协同增效和折衷考虑纳入政策制定也是必不可少的；但是，迄今为止，在国家政策中几乎没有证据表明这种情况的发生。