Livestock support the livelihoods of one billion people in Africa, Asia and Latin America, but the productivity of animals remains low, reducing the potential of the sector to support higher incomes and better nutrition. Improved livestock feeding has been identified as the most important step towards higher productivity. This scoping review assessed the evidence for the uptake of improved ruminant livestock feed options, the effect of this uptake on livestock productivity and the degree to which this improves smallholder farmer livelihoods. In total, 22,981 papers were identified, of which 73 papers were included in the final analysis after a rigorous double-blind screening review. Only papers that reported farmers’ decision to use a new feed intervention were selected, thereby excluding feeding trials and participatory feed assessments. Of the 73 papers, only 6 reported combined evidence of adoption, effect on productivity and livelihood changes. A total of 58 papers looked at adoption, 19 at productivity change and 22 at livelihood change. This scoping review highlights the gap in evidence for the adoption of new livestock feeding practices and provides recommendations to support farmers’ uptake of feed interventions.

畜牧业支撑着非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲 10 亿人的生计，但动物的生产力仍然很低，从而降低了该部门支持更高收入和改善营养的潜力。改善牲畜饲养已被认为是提高生产力的最重要一步。本次范围审查评估了采用改良反刍动物饲料选择的证据、这种采用对牲畜生产力的影响以及这对小农生计的改善程度。共鉴定论文22,981篇，其中73篇论文经过严格的双盲筛选评审后纳入最终分析。仅选择报告农民决定使用新饲料干预措施的论文，从而排除喂养试验和参与性饲料评估。在 73 篇论文中，只有 6 篇报告了采用、对生产力和生计变化的影响的综合证据。共有 58 篇论文关注采用，19 篇论文关注生产力变化，22 篇论文关注生计变化。本次范围审查强调了采用新牲畜饲养方法的证据差距，并提供了支持农民采用饲料干预措施的建议。