Cellular metabolism has emerged as a major biological node governing cellular behaviour. Metabolic pathways fuel cellular energy needs, providing basic chemical molecules to sustain cellular homeostasis, proliferation and function. Changes in nutrient consumption or availability therefore can result in complete reprogramming of cellular metabolism towards stabilizing core metabolite pools, such as ATP, S-adenosyl methionine, acetyl-CoA, NAD/NADP and α-ketoglutarate. Because these metabolites underlie a variety of essential metabolic reactions, metabolism has evolved to operate in separate subcellular compartments through diversification of metabolic enzyme complexes, oscillating metabolic activity and physical separation of metabolite pools. Given that these same core metabolites are also consumed by chromatin modifiers in the establishment of epigenetic signatures, metabolite consumption on and release from chromatin directly influence cellular metabolism and gene expression. In this Review, we highlight recent studies describing the mechanisms determining nuclear metabolism and governing the redistribution of metabolites between the nuclear and non-nuclear compartments.

细胞代谢已成为控制细胞行为的主要生物学节点。代谢途径促进了细胞能量的需求，提供了基本的化学分子来维持细胞的稳态，增殖和功能。因此，养分消耗或利用率的变化可导致细胞代谢完全重编程，从而稳定核心代谢物库，例如ATP，S-腺苷甲硫氨酸，乙酰辅酶A，NAD / NADP和α-酮戊二酸。由于这些代谢物是各种基本代谢反应的基础，因此代谢已发展为通过代谢酶复合物的多样化，振荡代谢活性和代谢物池的物理分离而在单独的亚细胞区室中运行。鉴于这些相同的核心代谢物在表观遗传标记的建立过程中也被染色质修饰剂消耗，因此染色质上代谢物的消耗和释放直接影响细胞的代谢和基因表达。在这篇综述中，我们着重介绍了最近的研究，这些研究描述了确定核代谢并控制代谢产物在核区室和非核区室之间重新分配的机制。