Topological solitons such as magnetic skyrmions have drawn attention as stable quasi-particle-like objects. The recent discovery of polar vortices and skyrmions in ferroelectric oxide superlattices has opened up new vistas to explore topology, emergent phenomena and approaches for manipulating such features with electric fields. Using macroscopic dielectric measurements, coupled with direct scanning convergent beam electron diffraction imaging on the atomic scale, theoretical phase-field simulations and second-principles calculations, we demonstrate that polar skyrmions in (PbTiO₃)_n/(SrTiO₃)_n superlattices are distinguished by a sheath of negative permittivity at the periphery of each skyrmion. This enhances the effective dielectric permittivity compared with the individual SrTiO₃ and PbTiO₃ layers. Moreover, the response of these topologically protected structures to electric field and temperature shows a reversible phase transition from the skyrmion state to a trivial uniform ferroelectric state, accompanied by large tunability of the dielectric permittivity. Pulsed switching measurements show a time-dependent evolution and recovery of the skyrmion state (and macroscopic dielectric response). The interrelationship between topological and dielectric properties presents an opportunity to simultaneously manipulate both by a single, and easily controlled, stimulus, the applied electric field.

拓扑孤子，例如磁性天体离子，已作为稳定的类准粒子物体引起了人们的注意。最近在铁电氧化物超晶格中发现极地涡旋和天体离子已经开辟了新的视野，以探索拓扑结构，出现的现象以及用电场操纵这些特征的方法。使用宏观介电测量，再加上原子尺度上的直接扫描聚束电子衍射成像，理论相场模拟和第二性原理计算，我们证明了（PbTiO ₃）_n /（SrTiO ₃）_n中的极性天文离子超晶格的特征是在每个天蝎子的外围都具有负介电常数的鞘。与单独的SrTiO ₃和PbTiO ₃相比，这提高了有效介电常数。层。此外，这些受拓扑保护的结构对电场和温度的响应显示出从天rm离子状态到平凡的均匀铁电状态的可逆相变，并伴随着介电常数的大可调性。脉冲开关测量结果显示了天胶离子状态（和宏观介电响应）随时间的变化和恢复。拓扑特性和介电特性之间的相互关系提供了一个机会，可以通过一个简单且易于控制的刺激电场同时操纵两者。