Macrophages, which are key cellular components of the liver, have emerged as essential players in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury and repair processes in acute and chronic liver diseases. Upon liver injury, resident Kupffer cells (KCs) sense disturbances in homeostasis, interact with hepatic cell populations and release chemokines to recruit circulating leukocytes, including monocytes, which subsequently differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMϕs) in the liver. Both KCs and MoMϕs contribute to both the progression and resolution of tissue inflammation and injury in various liver diseases. The diversity of hepatic macrophage subsets and their plasticity explain their different functional responses in distinct liver diseases. In this review, we highlight novel findings regarding the origins and functions of hepatic macrophages and discuss the potential of targeting macrophages as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.

巨噬细胞是肝脏的关键细胞成分，已成为维持肝脏稳态以及急性和慢性肝病损伤和修复过程的重要参与者。肝损伤后，常驻库普弗细胞 (KCs) 感知体内平衡紊乱，与肝细胞群相互作用并释放趋化因子以招募循环白细胞，包括单核细胞，随后在肝脏中分化为单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞 (MoMφs)。KCs 和 MoMϕs 都有助于各种肝脏疾病中组织炎症和损伤的进展和解决。肝巨噬细胞亚群的多样性及其可塑性解释了它们在不同肝脏疾病中的不同功能反应。在这次审查中，