ABSTRACT

A once-annual caries preventive (Intervention) treatment was offered to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander schoolchildren—a population with disproportionately poorer oral health than non-Indigenous Australian children—in the Northern Peninsula Area (NPA) of Far North Queensland (FNQ), which significantly improved their oral health. Here, we examine the salivary microbiota of these children (mean age = 10 ± 2.96 years; n = 103), reconstructing the bacterial community composition with high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Microbial communities of children who received the Intervention had lower taxonomic diversity than those who did not receive treatment (Shannon, p < 0.05). Moreover, the Intervention resulted in further decreased microbial diversity in children with active carious lesions existing at the time of saliva collection. Microbial species associated with caries were detected; Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus gasseri, Prevotella multisaccharivorax, Parascardovia denticolens, and Mitsuokella HMT 131 were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in children with severe caries, especially in children who did not receive the Intervention. These insights into microbial associations and community differences prompt future considerations to the mechanisms behind caries-preventive therapy induced change; important for understanding the long-term implications of like treatment to improve oral health disparities within Australia.

Trial registration: ANZCTR, ACTRN12615000693527. Registered 3 July 2015, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=368750&isReview=true

摘要

在遥远的昆士兰州（FNQ）的北半岛地区（NPA），向土著和托雷斯海峡岛民的学童提供了每年一次的龋齿预防（干预）治疗，该儿童的口腔健康状况比非土著澳大利亚儿童差得多。大大改善了他们的口腔健康。在这里，我们检查了这些儿童的唾液微生物区系（平均年龄= 10±2.96岁； n = 103），并通过高通量测序细菌16S rRNA的V4区来重建细菌群落组成。基因。接受干预的儿童的微生物群落的分类学多样性低于未接受治疗的儿童（Shannon，p <0.05）。此外，干预措施导致唾液收集时存在活动性龋齿病患儿的微生物多样性进一步降低。检出与龋齿有关的微生物；唾液乳杆菌，罗伊氏乳杆菌，加氏乳杆菌，多食性普氏杆菌，齿状副鞭毛虫和Mitsuokella患有严重龋病的儿童，尤其是未接受干预的儿童，HMT 131显着升高（p <0.05）。对微生物协会和社区差异的这些见解促使人们对龋齿预防疗法引起的变化背后的机制进行了进一步的考虑。对于了解类似治疗对改善澳大利亚口腔健康差异的长期影响非常重要。

试用注册：ANZCTR，ACTRN12615000693527。2015年7月3日注册，https：//www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx？id = 368750＆isReview = true