Abstract

Microbial citric acid has high economic importance and widely used in beverage, food, detergents, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is a work horse and important cell factory in industry for the production of citric acid. Although in-depth literatures and reviews have been published to explain the biochemistry, biotechnology and genetic engineering study of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger separately but the present review compiled, all the aspects with upto date brief summary of the subject describing microorganisms, substrates and their pre-treatment, screening, fermentation techniques, metabolic engineering, biochemistry, product recovery and numerous biotechnological application of citric acid for simple understanding of microbial citric acid production. The availability of genome sequence of this organism has facilitated numerous studies in gene function, gene regulation, primary and secondary metabolism. An attempt has been also made to address the molecular mechanisms and application of recent advanced techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 systems in enhancement of citric acid production.

摘要

柠檬酸微生物具有很高的经济意义，并广泛用于饮料，食品，洗涤剂，化妆品和制药行业。丝状真菌黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）是柠檬酸生产中的一匹工作马匹，是工业上重要的细胞工厂。尽管已经发表了深入的文献和评论来解释黑曲霉生产柠檬酸的生物化学，生物技术和基因工程研究分开进行，但本综述进行了整理，所有方面都提供了主题的最新摘要，描述了微生物，底物及其预处理，筛选，发酵技术，代谢工程，生物化学，产品回收和柠檬酸的许多生物技术应用，以方便理解。柠檬酸的生产。该生物的基因组序列的可用性促进了基因功能，基因调控，初次和二次代谢方面的大量研究。还进行了尝试解决诸如CRISPR / Cas9系统等先进技术的分子机理和在增强柠檬酸生产中的应用。