Field experiments were conducted during 2013–2015 under a long‐term organic and inorganic fertilization experiment established in 2009 at Kharagpur in India to assess the impact of rate and application timing of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on changes in fertility of lateritic soils. Vermicompost (VC), crop residue (CR), vermiwash (VW), and Azotobacter (AZ) were used as organic sources and chemical fertilizers (CF) as inorganic sources. The nine treatments were Control, CF at 100% N, P, and K (CF 100), VC at 100% N applied onetime as basal (VC‐b100), VC at 100% N applied in two splits (VC 100), VC 50+CF 50, CR, CF 50+CR, VC 50+CR, and VC 50+VW+AZ. After 2 yr of rice (Oryza sativa L.)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) system, significant increase in soil pH (from 5.43 to 5.72) and soil organic carbon (SOC) content (from 3.3 g kg^‐1 to 3.8 g kg^‐1) was noted with VC100, compared to CF100 (from 5.21 to 5.08 for pH and 3.1 to 2.9 g kg^‐1 for SOC). Further, the total soil N content decreased from their initial values in all the nutrient treatments, except VC100, which registered an accumulation of 22 kg ha^‐1 over its initial value (874 kg ha^‐1). The VC‐based nutrient treatments had significantly higher soil available micro‐nutrients content (Fe, Zn, and Mn) compared to their initial levels. The VC‐based treatments significantly reduced accumulation of heavy metals (available Pb and Ni) content in soil compared to inorganic nutrient treatments. This nutrient management strategy could reduce environmental risk associated with synthetic chemical fertilizers.

中文翻译：

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稻鹰嘴豆系统中改善红壤性土壤化学和生物学特性的养分管理策略

在2013年至2015年期间，根据2009年在印度哈拉格布尔（Kharagpur）建立的长期有机和无机施肥实验，进行了田间试验，以评估有机和无机营养源的比例和施用时间对红壤性土壤肥力变化的影响。Vermicompost（VC），农作物残渣（CR），vermiwash（VW）和Azotobacter（AZ）被用作有机源，化肥（CF）被用作无机源。这9种处理方法分别是对照，100％N，P和K的CF（CF 100），一次100％N的VC作为基础施用（VC-b100），两次100％N的VC（VC 100）， VC 50 + CF 50，CR，CF 50 + CR，VC 50 + CR和VC 50 + VW + AZ。水稻（Oryza sativa L.）–鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum）种植2年后L.）系统中，与CF100（从5.21降到CF100）相比，VC100的土壤pH（从5.43增至5.72）和土壤有机碳（SOC）含量（从3.3 g kg ^-1增至3.8 g kg ^-1）显着增加。 pH为5.08，SOC为3.1至2.9 g kg ^-1）。此外，总的土壤氮含量从它们的初始值中的所有营养物处理减少，除了VC100，该注册22公斤公顷的累积^-1超过其初始值（874公斤公顷^-1）。与初始水平相比，基于VC的养分处理具有更高的土壤有效微量养分含量（Fe，Zn和Mn）。与无机养分处理相比，基于VC的处理显着减少了土壤中重金属（可用的Pb和Ni）含量的积累。这种养分管理策略可以减少与合成化学肥料相关的环境风险。