Soil salinization is a major threat to global food security and the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. To adapt to salt stress, plants rely on ROS‐mediated signalling networks that operate upstream of a broad array of physiological and genetic processes. A key player in ROS signalling is NADPH oxidase, a plasma‐membrane‐bound enzyme encoded by RBOH genes. In this study, we have conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of over 50 halophytic and glycophytic species to link the difference in the kinetics of ROS signalling between contrasting species with the abundance and/or structure of NADPH oxidases. The RBOH proteins were predicted in all the tested plant lineages except some algae species from the Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Streptophyta. Within the glycophytic group, the number of RBOH copies correlated negatively with salinity stress tolerance, suggesting that a reduction in the number of RBOH isoforms may be potentially related to the evolution of plant salinity tolerance. While halophytes did not develop unique protein families during evolution, they evolved additional phosphorylation target sites at the N‐termini of NADPH oxidases, potentially modulating enzyme activity and allowing more control over their function, resulting in more efficient ROS signalling and adaptation to saline conditions.

中文翻译：

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NADPH氧化酶与植物耐盐性的演变

土壤盐渍化是对全球粮食安全和自然生态系统生物多样性的重大威胁。为了适应盐胁迫，植物依赖于ROS介导的信号网络，该网络在各种生理和遗传过程的上游运行。ROS信号的关键参与者是NADPH氧化酶，这是一种由RBOH基因编码的质膜结合酶。在这项研究中，我们已经对50多个盐生和糖生物种进行了全面的生物信息学分析，以将ROS信号传导动力学差异与不同物种之间的NADPH氧化酶的丰度和/或结构联系起来。在所有测试的植物谱系中都预测了RBOH蛋白，除了来自红藻，绿藻和链霉菌的某些藻类。在糖原族中，RBOH拷贝数与盐分胁迫耐受性呈负相关，这表明RBOH亚型数目的减少可能与植物盐分耐受性的演变有关。尽管盐生植物在进化过程中没有形成独特的蛋白质家族，但它们在NADPH氧化酶的N末端进化了额外的磷酸化靶位点，潜在地调节了酶的活性并允许对其功能的更多控制，从而导致更有效的ROS信号传导和对盐条件的适应性。