The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma,Journal of Cellular Physiology

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The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma
Journal of Cellular Physiology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30101
Shenglong Li _{1,

2} , Xiaohong Wang _{2,

3}

Affiliation

Clinically, it is difficult to efficaciously screen and diagnose osteosarcoma (OS) in advance due to the low sensitivity and poor specificity of the existing tumor markers. Exosomes (Exos) are nanoscale vesicles containing RNAs, lipids, and proteins with a diameter of 30–100 nm. They are multivesicular bodies formed during the invagination of lysosomal particles in cells and released extracellularly after fusing with cell membranes. Besides, Exos are important carriers of cell‐to‐cell communication signals and genetic materials in the tumor microenvironment. During tumorigenesis, the tumor cells interplay with immune cells, endothelial cells, and related fibroblasts through Exos and boost cancer development. After altering the surrounding microenvironment, the Exos drive tumor cells to proliferate, speed up angiogenesis, and boost cancers to develop along with body fluid transportation. Currently, Exos are becoming novel noninvasive tumor diagnostic markers with high sensitivity, exerting pivotal impacts in fundamental research and clinical applications. Here, we review the existing literature on the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in OS progression and their potential clinical applications as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.

中文翻译：

外泌体非编码RNA在骨肉瘤中的潜在作用

临床上，由于现有肿瘤标志物敏感性低、特异性差，难以有效地提前筛查和诊断骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma，OS）。外泌体 (Exos) 是包含 RNA、脂质和蛋白质的纳米级囊泡，直径为 30-100 nm。它们是细胞内溶酶体颗粒内陷过程中形成的多泡体，与细胞膜融合后释放到细胞外。此外，Exos是肿瘤微环境中细胞间通讯信号和遗传物质的重要载体。在肿瘤发生过程中，肿瘤细胞通过 Exos 与免疫细胞、内皮细胞和相关成纤维细胞相互作用并促进癌症的发展。在改变周围微环境后，Exos 驱动肿瘤细胞增殖，加速血管生成，并促进癌症随着体液运输而发展。目前，Exos正在成为一种新型的高灵敏度无创肿瘤诊断标志物，在基础研究和临床应用中发挥着举足轻重的作用。在这里，我们回顾了关于外泌体非编码 RNA 在 OS 进展中的作用及其作为新型生物标志物和治疗剂的潜在临床应用的现有文献。

更新日期：2020-10-12

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