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Reduction in the metabolic levels due to phenotypic plasticity in the Pyrenean newt, Calotriton asper, during cave colonization
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6882 Olivier Guillaume 1 , Marine Deluen 1 , Allan Raffard 1 , Olivier Calvez 1 , Audrey Trochet 1
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6882 Olivier Guillaume 1 , Marine Deluen 1 , Allan Raffard 1 , Olivier Calvez 1 , Audrey Trochet 1
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According to theories on cave adaptation, cave organisms are expected to develop a lower metabolic rate compared to surface organisms as an adaptation to food scarcity in the subterranean environments. To test this hypothesis, we compared the oxygen consumption rates of the surface and subterranean populations of a surface‐dwelling species, the newt Calotriton asper, occasionally found in caves. In this study, we designed a new experimental setup in which animals with free movement were monitored for several days in a respirometer. First, we measured the metabolic rates of individuals from the surface and subterranean populations, both maintained for eight years in captivity in a natural cave. We then tested individuals from these populations immediately after they were caught and one year later while being maintained in the cave. We found that the surface individuals that acclimated to the cave significantly reduced their oxygen consumption, whereas individuals from the subterranean population maintained in the cave under a light/dark cycle did not significantly modify their metabolic rates. Second, we compared these metabolic rates to those of an obligate subterranean salamander (Proteus anguinus), a surface aquatic Urodel (Ambystoma mexicanum), and a fish species (Gobio occitaniae) as references for surface organisms from different phyla. As predicted, we found differences between the subterranean and surface species, and the metabolic rates of surface and subterranean C. asper populations were between those of the obligate subterranean and surface species. These results suggest that the plasticity of the metabolism observed in surface C. asper was neither directly due to food availability in our experiments nor the light/dark conditions, but due to static temperatures. Moreover, we suggest that this adjustment of the metabolic level at a temperature close to the thermal optimum may further allow individual species to cope with the food limitations of the subterranean environment.
中文翻译：
比利牛斯蝾螈 Calotriton asper 在洞穴殖民过程中由于表型可塑性而导致代谢水平降低
根据洞穴适应理论，与地表生物相比，洞穴生物预计会发展出较低的代谢率，以适应地下环境中的食物短缺。为了验证这一假设，我们比较了地表物种蝾螈Calotriton asper（偶尔在洞穴中发现）的地表和地下种群的耗氧率。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种新的实验装置，在呼吸计中对自由活动的动物进行几天的监测。首先，我们测量了地表和地下种群个体的代谢率，这两种种群都在天然洞穴中圈养了八年。然后，我们在这些种群中的个体被捕获后立即以及一年后在洞穴中饲养时对它们进行了测试。我们发现，适应洞穴的地表个体显着降低了耗氧量，而在光/暗循环下维持在洞穴中的地下种群个体并没有显着改变其代谢率。其次，我们将这些代谢率与专性地下蝾螈（ Proteus anguinus ）、地表水生有齿鱼（ Ambystoma mexicanum ）和鱼类（ Gobio occitaniae ）的代谢率进行了比较，作为来自不同门的表面生物的参考。正如预测的那样，我们发现地下和地表物种之间存在差异，并且地表和地下C. asper种群的代谢率介于专性地下和地表物种之间。这些结果表明在表面C中观察到的代谢的可塑性。asper 既不是直接归因于我们实验中的食物可用性，也不是光/暗条件，而是归因于静态温度。此外，我们认为，在接近最佳热的温度下调节代谢水平可能会进一步使个体物种能够应对地下环境的食物限制。
更新日期：2020-12-03
中文翻译：
比利牛斯蝾螈 Calotriton asper 在洞穴殖民过程中由于表型可塑性而导致代谢水平降低
根据洞穴适应理论，与地表生物相比，洞穴生物预计会发展出较低的代谢率，以适应地下环境中的食物短缺。为了验证这一假设，我们比较了地表物种蝾螈Calotriton asper（偶尔在洞穴中发现）的地表和地下种群的耗氧率。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种新的实验装置，在呼吸计中对自由活动的动物进行几天的监测。首先，我们测量了地表和地下种群个体的代谢率，这两种种群都在天然洞穴中圈养了八年。然后，我们在这些种群中的个体被捕获后立即以及一年后在洞穴中饲养时对它们进行了测试。我们发现，适应洞穴的地表个体显着降低了耗氧量，而在光/暗循环下维持在洞穴中的地下种群个体并没有显着改变其代谢率。其次，我们将这些代谢率与专性地下蝾螈（ Proteus anguinus ）、地表水生有齿鱼（ Ambystoma mexicanum ）和鱼类（ Gobio occitaniae ）的代谢率进行了比较，作为来自不同门的表面生物的参考。正如预测的那样，我们发现地下和地表物种之间存在差异，并且地表和地下C. asper种群的代谢率介于专性地下和地表物种之间。这些结果表明在表面C中观察到的代谢的可塑性。asper 既不是直接归因于我们实验中的食物可用性，也不是光/暗条件，而是归因于静态温度。此外，我们认为，在接近最佳热的温度下调节代谢水平可能会进一步使个体物种能够应对地下环境的食物限制。
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