ApoCIII has a well-recognized role in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins metabolism. A considerable amount of data has clearly highlighted that high levels of ApoCIII lead to hypertriglyceridemia and, thereby, may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, recent findings indicate that ApoCIII might also act beyond lipid metabolism. Indeed, ApoCIII has been implicated in other physiological processes such as glucose homeostasis, monocyte adhesion, activation of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of the coagulation cascade. As the inhibition of ApoCIII is emerging as a new promising therapeutic strategy, the complete understanding of multifaceted pathophysiological role of this apoprotein may be relevant. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to review available evidences not only related to genetics and biochemistry of ApoCIII, but also highlighting the role of this apoprotein in triglyceride and glucose metabolism, in the inflammatory process and coagulation cascade as well as in cardiovascular disease.

ApoCIII在富含甘油三酸酯的脂蛋白代谢中具有公认的作用。大量数据清楚地表明，高水平的ApoCIII会导致高甘油三酯血症，从而可能影响心血管疾病的风险。但是，最近的发现表明，ApoCIII可能还可以发挥脂质代谢以外的作用。实际上，ApoCIII已经牵涉到其他生理过程，例如葡萄糖稳态，单核细胞粘附，炎性途径的激活和凝血级联的调节。随着对ApoCIII的抑制作用正在成为一种新的有前景的治疗策略，对该脱辅基蛋白的多方面病理生理作用的完全理解可能是相关的。因此，这项工作的目的是审查不仅与ApoCIII的遗传学和生物化学有关的可用证据，