For the past few decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has paved the way to several processes through a wide range of commercially available machines. Benchmark artefacts were developed to set a common reference in order to assess and compare AM machine limitations. In this paper, a review of different AM benchmark artefact design methodologies is presented. More precisely, the evolution of design methods is described. Originally, additive manufacturing machines were assessed by establishing their ability to produce defined features. Indeed, AM benchmark artefact design inherited traditional subtractive manufacturing methods by defining simple geometries. However, due to the AM available freedom, no standard artefact can be sufficiently representative of the diversity of studied criteria. Furthermore, metrology aspects were not considered. Facing the variety of benchmark artefacts available, proposed guidelines then focused on defining systematic design methods rather than standard artefacts. Several methods have been proposed to help designing benchmark artefact suited for considered criteria. Nevertheless, some traditional simple geometries are found incompatible with measuring instruments that can hardly characterise AM free-form surfaces for example. That is why, more recently, significant efforts have been made to consider measurement issues and uncertainties in the artefact design stage. As this paper concludes, benchmark artefacts now tend to be designed in a more metrological way integrating the whole post-manufacturing measurement process relying on statistical modelling and instrument comparisons. Regarding the raised stakes, a final set of recommendations is provided to conciliate both manufacturers’ and metrologists’ point of view in benchmark artefact design.

在过去的几十年中，增材制造（AM）通过广泛的商用机器为多种工艺铺平了道路。为了评估和比较AM机器的局限性，开发了基准文物以设置通用参考。本文介绍了不同的AM基准伪像设计方法。更准确地说，描述了设计方法的演变。最初，增材制造机器是通过建立其生产定义特征的能力来评估的。实际上，AM基准工件设计通过定义简单的几何形状继承了传统的减法制造方法。但是，由于AM的可用自由度，没有任何标准伪像可以充分代表所研究标准的多样性。此外，未考虑计量方面。面对各种可用的基准人工制品，建议的准则随后集中于定义系统设计方法，而不是标准人工制品。已经提出了几种方法来帮助设计适合于考虑标准的基准伪像。然而，发现一些传统的简单几何形状与几乎无法表征AM自由曲面的测量仪器不兼容。因此，最近在人工制品设计阶段做出了巨大的努力来考虑测量问题和不确定性。正如本文所得出的结论，现在基准基准伪影倾向于以一种更具计量学的方式进行设计，从而依靠统计建模和仪器比较来集成整个制造后的测量过程。关于筹码，