Explosions release energy and generate shock waves. Analysis of how shock waves damage transmission media is crucial in protection engineering. Soil liquefaction due to explosions occurs in a highly nonlinear manner. The time point at which soil receives stress waves has yet to be determined. Therefore, this study analyzed the dynamic reaction and liquefaction phenomenon that protects soil after it has received a shock wave. A numerical analysis model was developed and verified through on-site explosion experiments for measuring ground acceleration and excess water pressure. Finite element analysis was employed to establish a numerical analysis model based on experimental site conditions. The LS-DYNA finite element program was used for numerical simulations. The analysis model had a three-dimensional structure with fluid–solid coupling and consisted of eight-node elements. To analyze the dynamic reaction and liquefaction phenomenon that occurs after soil has received a shock wave, a multimaterial arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian calculation model was combined with an element erosion algorithm. Meshes were overlapped to achieve fluid–solid coupling for subsequent analysis. The nonlinear dynamic reaction in soil triggered by shock wave transmission and the liquefaction of the material due to excess water pressure were analyzed. The research results showed that the relative errors between numerical analysis and experimental results were within 10%, verifying that the fluid–solid coupling numerical model developed in this study can effectively be used to analyze the dynamic reactions of materials receiving shock waves. Shock waves from both multisite time-delayed explosions and from continual explosions at a single nearby site lead to soil liquefaction. Compared with single-site explosions, multisite time-delayed explosions more easily trigger liquefaction in saturated sandy soil. Analysis of shock wave transmission characteristics and ground shock effects revealed that at a distance of 600 cm from the explosion center, the shock wave was substantially attenuated. The results of shear strain failure analysis indicated that soil liquefaction had an approximate area of scale distance Z = 30.81–64.89 cm/g 1/3 and approximate depth of Z = 17.62 cm/g 1/3 . The results verify the validity of the numerical model and algorithm developed in this study, which can describe the liquefaction process of saturated soil under explosion loading.

中文翻译：

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冲击波扩散及其有效强度破坏的饱和土非线性动力特性分析

爆炸释放能量并产生冲击波。分析冲击波如何破坏传输介质在保护工程中至关重要。由爆炸引起的土壤液化以高度非线性的方式发生。土壤接收应力波的时间点尚未确定。因此，本研究分析了土体受到冲击波后保护土体的动力反应和液化现象。通过现场爆炸实验开发并验证了用于测量地面加速度和超水压的数值分析模型。基于试验场地条件，采用有限元分析方法建立数值分析模型。LS-DYNA 有限元程序用于数值模拟。分析模型具有流固耦合的三维结构，由八节点单元组成。为了分析土壤受到冲击波后发生的动态反应和液化现象，将多材料任意拉格朗日-欧拉计算模型与元素侵蚀算法相结合。网格重叠以实现流固耦合以进行后续分析。分析了由冲击波传输引发的土壤非线性动力反应和由于水压过高引起的材料液化。研究结果表明，数值分析与实验结果的相对误差在10%以内，验证了本研究中开发的流固耦合数值模型可以有效地用于分析材料接收冲击波的动态反应。来自多地点延时爆炸和来自附近单个地点的持续爆炸的冲击波导致土壤液化。与单点爆炸相比，多点延时爆炸在饱和砂质土壤中更容易引发液化。对冲击波传输特性和地面冲击效应的分析表明，在距爆炸中心 600 cm 处，冲击波显着衰减。剪应变破坏分析结果表明，土壤液化的尺度距离约为 Z = 30.81–64.89 cm/g 1/3 ，深度约为 Z = 17.62 cm/g 1/3 。