Facing multiple and often considered as conflicting stakes, either economical, migratory, or environmental, policy-making may struggle to identify and implement relevant policy action allowing for balanced and joint completion of such challenges. Addressing this important public issue, we develop a multi-criteria two-stage Goal Programming (GP) model to identify optimal policy paths towards the Europe 2020 strategy on economic growth, employment levels and environmental sustainability. The model is calibrated on current contributions of economic sectors in all European countries to each policy objective: contribution to economic output (GDP), emissions of Green House Gas, electric consumption and number of jobs. First, we study the optimal allocation of workers within economic sectors of each European country to maximize the joint achievement of Europe 2020 multi criteria sustainability targets. We then extend the model to allow cooperation between states, namely allowing internal migrations of workers between countries. We highlight how supranational allocation schemes of surplus workers improve the satisfaction of national sustainability objectives. Finally, we consider extra-European migrants regional integration and study the consequences of such opening over EU2020 targets satisfaction and per capita GDP. Simulation results highlight countries performance comparison, and sheds light on significant benefits from such cooperation for the majority of countries. Improved integration of internal and external workforce generally improves the achievement of EU2020 objectives, while keeping per capita GDP at least constant. Moreover, we expose the relevance of cooperative work-flows allocation strategies across Europe and emphasize the importance of workers mobility in order to ensure more sustainable common development.

中文翻译：

---

欧洲国家内部和之间工人的可持续性、合作和流动性：两阶段目标规划模型

面对多重且通常被视为相互冲突的利害关系，无论是经济的、移民的还是环境的，决策者可能难以确定和实施相关政策行动，以平衡和共同完成这些挑战。针对这一重要的公共问题，我们开发了一个多标准的两阶段目标规划 (GP) 模型，以确定实现欧洲 2020 经济增长、就业水平和环境可持续性战略的最佳政策路径。该模型根据所有欧洲国家经济部门当前对每个政策目标的贡献进行校准：对经济产出 (GDP)、温室气体排放、电力消耗和就业数量的贡献。第一的，我们研究每个欧洲国家经济部门内工人的最佳分配，以最大限度地共同实现欧洲 2020 多标准可持续发展目标。然后我们扩展模型以允许国家之间的合作，即允许工人在国家之间进行内部迁移。我们强调了过剩工人的超国家分配计划如何提高国家可持续发展目标的满意度。最后，我们考虑了欧洲外移民的区域一体化，并研究了这种开放对 EU2020 目标满意度和人均 GDP 的影响。模拟结果突出了国家绩效比较，并揭示了大多数国家从此类合作中获得的显着收益。改进内部和外部劳动力的整合通常会提高 EU2020 目标的实现，同时保持人均 GDP 至少不变。此外，我们揭示了整个欧洲合作工作流分配策略的相关性，并强调了工人流动性的重要性，以确保更可持续的共同发展。