As a lead-free perovskite, CsBi₃I₁₀ has attracted significant attention because of its high thermal tolerance and long electron diffusion length. Solution-processed high-performance CsBi₃I₁₀ perovskite devices, however, are hindered by the formation of a two-dimensional structure, which results in an extremely high surface roughness and many pinholes. In this paper, we reported a space-confined growth (SCG) method using a single-layer polystyrene (PS) sphere template to obtain high-smoothness, high-crystallinity, and dense CsBi₃I₁₀ perovskite films. Compared with traditionally spin-coated CsBi₃I₁₀ photodetectors (PDs), the metal-semiconductor-metal PDs made by SCG showed a higher photocurrent, a lower dark current, and a bigger on/off ratio. In addition, the photocurrent of our unencapsulated CsBi₃I₁₀ perovskite PDs was not attenuated under long-time illumination. In addition, when the device was stored in air for 30 d, its performance also showed no degradation, demonstrating ultra-high stability. Furthermore, the synthesis was free of antisolvents, such as chlorobenzene and toluene, which is beneficial for the environmentally friendly assembly of the devices. Our strategy opens up a new way to prepare high-quality lead-free perovskite, which may be useful for applications in light-emitting diodes and solar cells.

作为无铅钙钛矿，CsBi ₃ I ₁₀由于其高的耐热性和长的电子扩散长度而备受关注。然而，固溶处理的高性能CsBi ₃ I ₁₀钙钛矿器件由于形成二维结构而受到阻碍，这导致了极高的表面粗糙度和许多针孔。在本文中，我们报道了一种使用单层聚苯乙烯（PS）球形模板的空间限制生长（SCG）方法，以获得高光滑度，高结晶度和致密CsBi ₃ I ₁₀钙钛矿薄膜。与传统的旋涂CsBi ₃ I _10相比光电探测器（PDs），由SCG制造的金属-半导体-金属PDs显示出更高的光电流，更低的暗电流和更大的开/关比。此外，我们的未封装的CsBi ₃ I ₁₀钙钛矿PD的光电流在长时间照明下不会衰减。此外，当该设备在空气中存放30天时，其性能也没有降低，表明其具有超高的稳定性。此外，该合成不含抗溶剂，例如氯苯和甲苯，这对装置的环境友好组装是有益的。我们的策略为制备高质量的无铅钙钛矿开辟了一条新途径，这可能会用于发光二极管和太阳能电池。