To analyze the intestinal microbiota diversity of several important economic fishes in the Loudi area and its correlation with the microbiota of water environment, the high-throughput sequencing based on the bacteria 16S rRNA was used to analyze the intestinal microbiota diversity in fish intestines and water. The results revealed that half of the OTUs in the water sample could be detected in the fish intestine, the proportion of shared OTUs in the intestines of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and water samples was only 22%, and the unique OTU in the LC group was relatively the highest in the fish intestinal group. It can be seen from the analysis in NMDS analysis, the distance between Hypophthalmichthys molitrix group and water group is relatively farthest. Ctenopharyngodon idellus has the highest microbiota richness and diversity (P < 0.05), while the water samples have the lowest microbiota richness (P < 0.05). Firmicutes, Methylocaldum and Bacillus are the prevalent taxonomic unit in the Aristichthys nobilis and Carassius auratus groups, Anaerospora is the prevalent genera in the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix group, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria have a high relative abundance ratio in the Ctenopharyngodon idellus group, and the prevalent taxonomic unit in the water sample group are Phenylobacterium, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, fish species have different prevalent microbiota. There are a strong correlation between fish intestinal microbiota and the water environment, and the fish with a weak correlation is Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Results of this study will contribute to the prevention and treatment of fish diseases and the fish ecological culturing in Loudi area.

为了分析娄底地区几种重要经济鱼类的肠道菌群多样性及其与水环境微生物群的相关性，基于细菌16S rRNA的高通量测序技术分析了鱼类肠道和水中的肠道菌群多样性。结果揭示了个OTU的水样品中的一半可以在鱼肠道来检测，共享的OTU的中肠内的比例鲢和水样只有22％，并且LC组中的独特OTU相对的在鱼肠组中最高。它可以从在NMDS分析的分析可以看出，之间的距离鲢基和水基团是相对最远。Cideopharyngodon idellus的微生物群落丰富度和多样性最高（P  <0.05），而水样中的微生物群落丰富度最低（P  <0.05）。Firmicutes，Methylocaldum和Bacillus是Aristichthys nobilis和Carassius auratus组中的常见生物分类单位，Anaerospora是Hypophthalmichthys molitrix组中的普遍属，Proteobacteria和Cyanobacteria在Ctenopharyngodonide中的相对丰富度较高，水样组中的是苯细菌，拟杆菌和放线菌。总之，鱼类具有不同的普遍微生物群。鱼的肠道菌群与水环境之间有很强的相关性，而相关性较弱的鱼是Mypophthalmichthys molitrix。研究结果将为娄底地区鱼类病害的防治和鱼类生态养殖做出贡献。