Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options. A workshop was held in 2019 to develop global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees, using the Council of Europe – Bern Convention Code of Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point. The global guidelines consist of eight recommendations: 1) Use native trees, or non-invasive non-native trees, in preference to invasive non-native trees; 2) Be aware of and comply with international, national, and regional regulations concerning non-native trees; 3) Be aware of the risk of invasion and consider global change trends; 4) Design and adopt tailored practices for plantation site selection and silvicultural management; 5) Promote and implement early detection and rapid response programmes; 6) Design and adopt tailored practices for invasive non-native tree control, habitat restoration, and for dealing with highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage with stakeholders on the risks posed by invasive non-native trees, the impacts caused, and the options for management; and 8) Develop and support global networks, collaborative research, and information sharing on native and non-native trees. The global guidelines are a first step towards building global consensus on the precautions that should be taken when introducing and planting non-native trees. They are voluntary and are intended to complement statutory requirements under international and national legislation. The application of the global guidelines and the achievement of their goals will help to conserve forest biodiversity, ensure sustainable forestry, and contribute to the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations linked with forest biodiversity.

中文翻译：

---

可持续利用非本地树木以防止树木入侵并减轻其负面影响的全球准则

可持续管理的非本地树木可带来经济和社会效益，并且传播到毗邻地区的风险有限。但是，一些人工林发起了入侵，对生物多样性和生态系统服务造成了实质性破坏，而另一些人工林则构成了造成此类影响的重大威胁。挑战在于最大程度地提高非本地树木的利益，同时最大程度地减少负面影响并保留未来的利益和选择。2019年举办了一个研讨会，以欧洲委员会–伯尔尼《侵入性外来树木行为守则》为起点，制定可持续利用非本地树木的全球准则。全球指南包含八项建议：1）优先使用原生树或非侵入性非原生树，而不是侵入性非原生树；2）了解并遵守国际标准，有关非本地树木的国家和地区法规；3）注意入侵的风险并考虑全球变化趋势；4）设计和采用量身定制的做法，以进行人工林选址和造林管理；5）促进和实施早期发现和快速反应方案；6）设计和采用量身定制的方法，用于侵入性非本地树木的控制，栖息地的恢复以及对高度改良的生态系统的处理；7）与利益相关者合作，探讨非本地入侵树木带来的风险，所造成的影响以及管理方案；8）在本地和非本地树上开发和支持全球网络，协作研究以及信息共享。全球准则是在就引入和种植非本地树木时应采取的预防措施上达成全球共识的第一步。它们是自愿的，旨在补充国际和国内立法中的法定要求。全球准则的应用及其目标的实现将有助于保护森林生物多样性，确保可持续林业，并有助于实现与森林生物多样性有关的联合国若干可持续发展目标。