Although Paleogene warm climatic intervals have received considerable attention for atmospheric and oceanographic changes, the authigenic mineralization associated with these time spans remains overlooked. An extensive review of the literature reveals a close correspondence between the high abundance of glauconite and warm climatic intervals during the Paleogene period. The abundance of phosphorite, ironstone, lignite and black shale deposits reveals similar trends. Although investigated thoroughly, the origin of these authigenic deposits is never understood in the background of Paleogene warming climatic intervals. A combination of factors like warm seawater, hypoxic shelf, low rate of sedimentation, and enhanced rate of continental weathering facilitated the glauconitization. The last factor caused the excess supply of nutrients, including Fe, Si, K, Mg and Al through the rivers, the cations needed for the formation of glauconite. The excessive inflow of nutrient-rich freshwater into the shallow seas further ensured high organic productivity and stratification in shallow shelves, causing hypoxia. The consequent rapid rise in sea-level during the warm periods created extensive low-relief shallow marine shelves starved in sediments. Oxygen-deficiency in the shallow marine environment facilitated the fixation of Fe into the glauconite structure. The inflow of nutrient-rich water during the warm climatic intervals facilitated the formation of phosphorite, ironstone, and organic-matter-rich sedimentary deposits as well. Although global factors primarily controlled the formation of these authigenic deposits, local factors played significant roles in some of the deposits. Therefore, phosphorites formed in marine conditions with open circulation within the tropical zone. While lush growth of rainforest covers in the tropical belt facilitated the formation of coastal lignite.

中文翻译：

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古近纪温暖气候区间自生沉积物的形成：综述

尽管古近纪温暖气候区间因大气和海洋变化而受到相当多的关注，但与这些时间跨度相关的自生矿化仍然被忽视。对文献的广泛回顾揭示了古近纪时期海绿石的高丰度与温暖气候间隔之间的密切对应关系。磷矿、铁矿、褐煤和黑色页岩矿床的丰度显示出类似的趋势。尽管进行了彻底的调查，但在古近纪变暖气候间隔的背景下，这些自生沉积物的起源从未被了解。温暖的海水、缺氧的陆架、低沉积率和大陆风化速度加快等因素共同促进了海绿石化。最后一个因素导致营养物质供应过剩，包括Fe，Si、K、Mg 和 Al 通过河流，这些阳离子是形成海绿石所需的。富含营养的淡水大量流入浅海，进一步确保了浅层陆架的高有机生产力和分层，造成缺氧。温暖时期海平面随之迅速上升，造成了大面积的低地浅海陆架缺乏沉积物。浅海海洋环境中的缺氧促进了 Fe 固定到海绿石结构中。在温暖的气候区间，富含营养的水的流入也促进了磷矿、铁矿和富含有机质的沉积物的形成。尽管全球因素主要控制了这些自生矿床的形成，但局部因素在一些矿床中发挥了重要作用。所以，在热带地区开放循环的海洋条件下形成的磷矿。而热带雨林覆盖物的茂盛生长促进了沿海褐煤的形成。