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Ontogeny, species identity, and environment dominate microbiome dynamics in wild populations of kissing bugs (Triatominae)
Microbiome ( IF 13.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-11 , DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00921-x
Joel J. Brown , Sonia M. Rodríguez-Ruano , Anbu Poosakkannu , Giampiero Batani , Justin O. Schmidt , Walter Roachell , Jan Zima , Václav Hypša , Eva Nováková

Kissing bugs (Triatominae) are blood-feeding insects best known as the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Considering the high epidemiological relevance of these vectors, their biology and bacterial symbiosis remains surprisingly understudied. While previous investigations revealed generally low individual complexity but high among-individual variability of the triatomine microbiomes, any consistent microbiome determinants have not yet been identified across multiple Triatominae species. To obtain a more comprehensive view of triatomine microbiomes, we investigated the host-microbiome relationship of five Triatoma species sampled from white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) nests in multiple locations across the USA. We applied optimised 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding with a novel 18S rRNA gene blocking primer to a set of 170 T. cruzi-negative individuals across all six instars. Triatomine gut microbiome composition is strongly influenced by three principal factors: ontogeny, species identity, and the environment. The microbiomes are characterised by significant loss in bacterial diversity throughout ontogenetic development. First instars possess the highest bacterial diversity while adult microbiomes are routinely dominated by a single taxon. Primarily, the bacterial genus Dietzia dominates late-stage nymphs and adults of T. rubida, T. protracta, and T. lecticularia but is not present in the phylogenetically more distant T. gerstaeckeri and T. sanguisuga. Species-specific microbiome composition, particularly pronounced in early instars, is further modulated by locality-specific effects. In addition, pathogenic bacteria of the genus Bartonella, acquired from the vertebrate hosts, are an abundant component of Triatoma microbiomes. Our study is the first to demonstrate deterministic patterns in microbiome composition among all life stages and multiple Triatoma species. We hypothesise that triatomine microbiome assemblages are produced by species- and life stage-dependent uptake of environmental bacteria and multiple indirect transmission strategies that promote bacterial transfer between individuals. Altogether, our study highlights the complexity of Triatominae symbiosis with bacteria and warrant further investigation to understand microbiome function in these important vectors.

中文翻译:

在接吻臭虫的野生种群中,个体发育,物种特性和环境主导着微生物组的动力学(Triatominae)

接吻臭虫(Triatominae)是食血昆虫,最常被称为恰加斯氏锥虫(查加斯氏病的病原体)的媒介。考虑到这些载体在流行病学上的高度相关性,其生物学和细菌共生关系仍然令人惊讶地未被研究。尽管先前的研究表明三聚体微生物群的个体复杂度普遍较低,但个体间变异性较高,但尚未在多个三角藻物种中鉴定出任何一致的微生物组决定因素。为了更全面地了解Triatomine微生物群,我们调查了在美国多个地方的白喉伍德拉特(Neotoma albigula)巢中采样的五个Triatoma物种的宿主-微生物组关系。我们将优化的16S rRNA基因metabarcoding与新型18S rRNA基因封闭引物应用于所有六龄期的170名克鲁氏阴性个体。Triatomine肠道微生物组的组成受三个主要因素的强烈影响:个体发育,物种身份和环境。微生物组的特征在于整个个体发育过程中细菌多样性的显着丧失。初生幼虫具有最高的细菌多样性,而成年微生物群通常由单一分类群控制。主要地,细菌属Dietzia占了后期若虫和红斑锥虫,延绵线虫和圆线虫的成虫的主宰,但在系统发育上较远的T. gerstaeckeri和T. sanguisuga中不存在。特定物种的微生物组组成,尤其是在早期的幼龄期,进一步受到局部性影响的调节。另外,从脊椎动物宿主中获得的巴尔通体属的致病细菌是Triatoma微生物群落的丰富组成部分。我们的研究首次证明了所有生命阶段和多种Triatoma物种之间微生物组组成的确定性模式。我们假设三atomine微生物组集合是由与物种和生命阶段有关的环境细菌摄取以及促进个体之间细菌转移的多种间接传播策略产生的。总而言之,我们的研究突出了与细菌共生的三角藻共生的复杂性,并有待于进一步研究以了解这些重要载体中的微生物组功能。从脊椎动物宿主中获得的,是Triatoma微生物群落的丰富组成部分。我们的研究首次证明了所有生命阶段和多种Triatoma物种之间微生物组组成的确定性模式。我们假设三atomine微生物组集合是由与物种和生命阶段有关的环境细菌摄取以及促进个体之间细菌转移的多种间接传播策略产生的。总而言之,我们的研究突出了与细菌共生的三角藻共生的复杂性,并有待于进一步研究以了解这些重要载体中的微生物组功能。从脊椎动物宿主中获得的,是Triatoma微生物群落的丰富组成部分。我们的研究首次证明了所有生命阶段和多种Triatoma物种之间微生物组组成的确定性模式。我们假设三atomine微生物组集合是由与物种和生命阶段有关的环境细菌摄取以及促进个体之间细菌转移的多种间接传播策略产生的。总而言之,我们的研究突出了与细菌共生的三角藻共生的复杂性,并有待于进一步研究以了解这些重要载体中的微生物组功能。我们假设三atomine微生物组集合是由与物种和生命阶段有关的环境细菌摄取以及促进个体之间细菌转移的多种间接传播策略产生的。总而言之,我们的研究突出了与细菌共生的三角藻共生的复杂性,并有待于进一步研究以了解这些重要载体中的微生物组功能。我们假设三atomine微生物组集合是由与物种和生命阶段有关的环境细菌摄取以及促进个体之间细菌转移的多种间接传播策略产生的。总而言之,我们的研究突出了与细菌共生的三角藻共生的复杂性,并有待于进一步研究以了解这些重要载体中的微生物组功能。
更新日期:2020-10-11
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