Power losses in electric distribution systems are categorized into technical losses (TL) and nontechnical losses (NTL). TL refer to the heat losses in the distribution system components. NTL, however, refer to losses that come in different shapes and forms, such as tampering with smart meters, attacking the data transmitted from smart meters, malfunctioning of smart meters, and tapping service cables. To accurately detect and correct NTL, it is essential to first estimate the TL. Estimating TL requires knowledge of the network topology and cable impedances, which might not be readily available for the concerned utility company. This article proposes an algorithm with the following functions: remotely characterizing and updating the cable impedances, detecting and classifying the type of losses, estimating the TL and NTL when a smart meter is in error, estimating these losses due to tapping a power cable by a registered or an unregistered user, and estimating these losses due to a cyber-attack. Both active and reactive powers are considered. The proposed algorithm deploys a modified version of the Hamming code, which is originally used in the detection and correction of errors in binary data transmission. Simulation results verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

中文翻译：

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一种使用智能计量准确检测和纠正技术和非技术损失的算法

配电系统中的功率损耗分为技术损耗 (TL) 和非技术损耗 (NTL)。TL 是指配电系统组件中的热损失。然而，NTL 是指以不同形式和形式出现的损失，例如篡改智能电表、攻击智能电表传输的数据、智能电表故障和窃听服务电缆。为了准确地检测和纠正 NTL，必须首先估计 TL。估计 TL 需要了解网络拓扑结构和电缆阻抗，而相关公用事业公司可能并不容易获得这些知识。本文提出了一种具有以下功能的算法：远程表征和更新电缆阻抗，检测和分类损耗类型，估计智能电表出错时的 TL 和 NTL，估计注册或未注册用户窃听电源线造成的这些损失，以及估计网络攻击造成的这些损失。有功功率和无功功率都要考虑。所提出的算法部署了汉明码的修改版本，汉明码最初用于二进制数据传输中的错误检测和纠正。仿真结果验证了所提算法的准确性和有效性。它最初用于检测和纠正二进制数据传输中的错误。仿真结果验证了所提算法的准确性和有效性。它最初用于检测和纠正二进制数据传输中的错误。仿真结果验证了所提算法的准确性和有效性。