An integrated photonic electric field sensor comprised of a tapered antenna array and an optical waveguide asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) has been fabricated and experimentally demonstrated. The tapered antenna array is fabricated across the MZI for a broadband receiving of the electromagnetic (EM) wave. The phase of the light beam traveling in the optical waveguide therefore changes based on the electro-optic (EO) effect of the LiNbO3 (LN) crystal, and so does the amplitude of the output end of the MZI. The packaged sensor is only $55\times 15\times 10$ mm3 in size. Experimental results reveal that the response deviation of the sensor is within ±10 dB from 100 kHz to 26.5 GHz. Moreover, the minimum detectable electric field of the sensor is 245 mV/m, and the intense nanosecond EM pulse (EMP) with peak amplitude of 25 kV/m has been detected in the time domain.

中文翻译：

---

工作频率超过 26 GHz 的集成光子电场传感器

已经制造并实验证明了由锥形天线阵列和光波导非对称马赫-曾德干涉仪（MZI）组成的集成光子电场传感器。锥形天线阵列跨 MZI 制造，用于电磁 (EM) 波的宽带接收。因此，在光波导中传播的光束的相位会根据 LiNbO3 (LN) 晶体的电光 (EO) 效应发生变化，MZI 输出端的幅度也是如此。封装好的传感器尺寸仅为 $55\times 15\times 10$ mm3。实验结果表明，传感器的响应偏差在 100 kHz 至 26.5 GHz 的范围内为 ±10 dB。此外，传感器的最小可检测电场为 245 mV/m，