β-Propellers are found in great variety across all kingdoms of life. They assume many cellular roles, primarily as scaffolds for macromolecular interactions and catalysis. Despite their diversity, most β-propeller families clearly originated by amplification from the same ancient peptide - the β-propeller blade. In cluster analyses, β-propellers of the WD40 superfamily always formed the largest group, to which some important families, such as the α-integrin, Asp-box, and glycoside hydrolase β-propellers connected weakly. Motivated by the dramatic growth of sequence databases we revisited these connections, with a special focus on VCBS-like β-propellers, which have not been analysed for their evolutionary relationships so far. We found that they form a supercluster with integrin-like β-propellers and tachylectins, clearly delimited from the superclusters formed by WD40 and Asp-Box β-propeller. Connections between the three superclusters are made mainly through PQQ-like β-propeller. Our results present a new, greatly expanded view of the β-propeller classification landscape.

中文翻译：

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VCBS超家族，包括速激肽和整联蛋白的各种β螺旋桨组

在所有生命王国中都发现了β螺旋桨。它们承担许多细胞作用，主要是作为大分子相互作用和催化的支架。尽管它们具有多样性，但大多数β螺旋桨家族显然是通过扩增来自同一古老肽-β螺旋桨叶片而产生的。在聚类分析中，WD40超家族的β螺旋桨始终形成最大的群体，其中一些重要的家族（例如α-整联蛋白，Asp-box和糖苷水解酶β螺旋桨）之间的连接较弱。由于序列数据库的迅速发展，我们重新审视了这些联系，并特别关注类似于VCBS的β螺旋桨，到目前为止，尚未对其进化关系进行分析。我们发现它们与整合素样β-螺旋桨和速激肽形成超簇，显然与WD40和Asp-Boxβ螺旋桨形成的超级集群是有界的。三个超级集群之间的连接主要通过类似PQQ的β螺旋桨进行。我们的结果提出了一个新的，大大扩展的β螺旋桨分类图。