The spatial resolution of adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) enables visualization of retinal components (e.g., photoreceptors), which can advance clinical diagnosis of ocular diseases. Currently, however, variability in AO-OCT system performance suggests a need for standardized physical models, or “phantoms”, that replicate the opto-structural properties of retinal components. Here we employ direct laser writing – a two-photon polymerization-based additive manufacturing technology – using a light scattering titanium (IV) dioxide nanoparticle-laden photomaterial to create novel retinal cone outer segment (OS) phantoms. Fabrication results demonstrate effective mimicry of cone OS diameter and spacing at four retinal eccentricities, while AO-OCT experiments demonstrate cone spacings >4 µm can be resolved. These results suggest a promising methodology for biomimetic photoreceptor phantom development for AO-OCT.

中文翻译：

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用于自适应光学 - 光学相干断层扫描的二氧化钛视网膜锥体模型的直接激光写入

自适应光学-光学相干断层扫描 (AO-OCT) 的空间分辨率能够实现视网膜成分（例如光感受器）的可视化，这可以促进眼部疾病的临床诊断。然而，目前 AO-OCT 系统性能的可变性表明需要标准化的物理​​模型或“幻影”，以复制视网膜组件的光学结构特性。在这里，我们采用直接激光写入——一种基于双光子聚合的增材制造技术——使用光散射二氧化钛 (IV) 纳米粒子负载光材料来创建新型视网膜锥外段 (OS) 幻影。制造结果证明了在四个视网膜偏心处对锥体 OS 直径和间距的有效模拟，而 AO-OCT 实验表明可以解决锥体间距 >4 µm。