Optical vortices are the electromagnetic analogue of fluid vortices studied in hydrodynamics. In both cases the traveling wavefront, either made of light or fluid, is twisted like a corkscrew around its propagation axis - an analogy that inspired also the first proposition of the concept of optical vortex. Even though vortices are one of the most fundamental topological excitations in nature, they are rarely found in their electromagnetic form in natural systems, for the exception of energetic sources in astronomy, such as pulsars, quasars and black holes. Mostly optical vortices are artificially created in the laboratory by a rich variety of approaches. Here we provide our perspective on a technology that shook-up optics in the last decade - metasurfaces, planar nanostructured metamaterials - with a specific focus on its use for molding and controlling optical vortices.

中文翻译：

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扭曲光的最新变化：对来自介电超表面的光学涡旋的透视

光学涡流是流体力学中研究的流体涡流的电磁模拟。在这两种情况下，由光或流体制成的行波前像开瓶器一样围绕其传播轴扭曲——这个类比也激发了光学涡旋概念的第一个命题。尽管涡流是自然界中最基本的拓扑激发之一，但在自然系统中很少以电磁形式存在，除了天文学中的能量来源，如脉冲星、类星体和黑洞。大多数光学涡流是在实验室中通过多种方法人为产生的。在这里，我们提供了我们对过去十年震撼光学的技术的看法 - 超表面，