Fasting enhances the beneficial metabolic outcomes of exercise; however, it is unknown whether body composition is favorably modified on the short term. A baseline–follow-up study was carried out to assess the effect of an established protocol involving short-term combined exercise with fasting on body composition. One hundred seven recreationally exercising males underwent a 10-day intervention across 15 fitness centers in the Netherlands involving a 3-day gradual decrease of food intake, a 3-day period with extremely low caloric intake, and a gradual 4-day increase to initial caloric intake, with daily 30-min submaximal cycling. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis, all subjects substantially lost total body mass (−3.9 ± 1.9 kg; p < .001) and fat mass (−3.3 ± 1.3 kg; p < .001). Average lean mass was lost (−0.6 ± 1.5 kg; p < .001), but lean mass as a percentage of total body mass was not reduced. The authors observed a loss of −3.9 ± 1.9% android fat over total fat mass (p < .001), a loss of −2.2 ± 1.9% gynoid over total fat mass (p < .001), and reduced android/gynoid ratios (−0.05 ± 0.1; p < .001). Analyzing 15 preselected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 metabolism-related genes revealed trending associations for thyroid state–related single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs225014 (deiodinase 2) and rs35767 (insulin-like growth factor1), and rs1053049 (PPARD). In conclusion, a short period of combined fasting and exercise leads to a substantial loss of body and fat mass without a loss of lean mass as a percentage of total mass.

禁食可以增强运动的有益代谢结果；然而，尚不清楚身体成分在短期内是否会得到有利的改变。进行了一项基线随访研究，以评估既定方案（涉及短期联合运动和禁食）对身体成分的影响。荷兰 15 个健身中心的 107 名休闲运动男性接受了为期 10 天的干预，其中包括 3 天逐渐减少食物摄入量、3 天极低热量摄入以及 4 天逐渐增加至初始摄入量。热量摄入，每日 30 分钟次最大循环。使用双能 X 射线吸收测定法分析，所有受试者的总体质量（-3.9 ± 1.9 kg；p  < .001）和脂肪量（-3.3 ± 1.3 kg；p  < .001）均大幅减少。平均去脂体重减少（−0.6 ± 1.5 kg；p  < .001），但去脂体重占总体质量的百分比并未减少。作者观察到，机器人脂肪比总脂肪量减少了 -3.9 ± 1.9% ( p  < .001)，雌性比总脂肪量减少了 -2.2 ± 1.9% ( p  < .001)，并且机器人/雌性比例降低（−0.05 ± 0.1；p  < .001）。分析 13 个代谢相关基因中的 15 个预选单核苷酸多态性揭示了甲状腺状态相关单核苷酸多态性 rs225014（脱碘酶 2）和 rs35767（胰岛素样生长因子 1）和 rs1053049（PPARD）的趋势关联。总之，短期禁食和锻炼相结合会导致身体和脂肪量的大量减少，而瘦体重占总质量的百分比却不会减少。