The acquisition of new vocabulary is usually mediated by previous experience with language. In the visual domain, the representation of orthographically unfamiliar words at the phonological or conceptual levels may facilitate their orthographic learning. The neural correlates of this advantage were investigated by recording EEG activity during reading novel and familiar words across three different experiments (n = 22 each), manipulating the availability of previous knowledge on the novel written words. A different pattern of event-related potential (ERP) responses was found depending on the previous training, resembling cross-level top-down interactive effects during vocabulary acquisition. Thus, whereas previous phonological experience caused a modulation at the post-lexical stages of the visual recognition of novel written words (~520 ms), additional semantic training influenced their processing at a lexico-semantic stage (~320 ms). Moreover, early lexical differences (~180 ms) elicited in the absence of previous training did not emerge after both phonological and semantic training, reflecting similar orthographic processing and word-form access.

中文翻译：

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新视觉词形的正字法处理过程中自上而下的语音和语义影响的神经生理学相关性


新词汇的习得通常是通过以前的语言经验来实现的。在视觉领域，在语音或概念层面上表达拼写不熟悉的单词可能有助于他们的拼写学习。通过在三个不同的实验（每个n = 22）中记录阅读新奇和熟悉的单词期间的脑电图活动，并操纵先前关于新奇书面单词的知识的可用性，研究了这一优势的神经相关性。根据之前的训练，发现了不同的事件相关电位（ERP）反应模式，类似于词汇习得过程中跨层次的自上而下的交互效果。因此，虽然之前的语音经验导致了新书面单词视觉识别的后词汇阶段（约 520 毫秒）的调制，但额外的语义训练影响了词汇语义阶段（约 320 毫秒）的处理。此外，在没有先前训练的情况下引起的早期词汇差异（~180 ms）在语音和语义训练后并没有出现，反映了类似的拼写处理和词形访问。