In order to assess the diversity of Greek garlic (Allium sativum L.) landraces, 34 genotypes including commercial ones were grown in the same field and their content in organosulfur compounds, pyruvate, total sugars, and total phenolics, alongside antioxidant capacity, was determined. The organosulfur compounds were studied by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) after ultrasound-assisted extraction in ethyl acetate, identifying 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin and 3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin as the predominant compounds, albeit in different ratios among genotypes. The bioactivity and the polar metabolites were determined in hydromethanolic extracts. A great variability was revealed, and nearly one-third of landraces had higher concentration of compounds determining bioactivity and organoleptic traits than the imported ones. We recorded strong correlations between pyruvate and total organosulfur compounds, and between antioxidant capacity and phenolics. In conclusion, chemical characterization revealed great genotype-dependent variation in the antioxidant properties and the chemical characters, identifying specific landraces with superior traits and nutritional and pharmaceutical value.

中文翻译：

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希腊大蒜基因型中鳞茎有机硫化合物，糖，酚类和丙酮酸的变异性：与抗氧化特性的关系

为了评估希腊大蒜的多样性（大蒜）L.）地方品种，在同一领域种植了34种基因型，包括商业基因型，并确定了它们在有机硫化合物，丙酮酸，总糖和总酚中的含量以及抗氧化能力。在乙酸乙酯中超声辅助萃取后，通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）研究了有机硫化合物，确定2-乙烯基-4H-1,3-二硫辛和3-乙烯基-4H-1,2-二硫辛为主要化合物，尽管基因型之间的比率不同。测定了氢甲醇提取物中的生物活性和极性代谢物。揭示了很大的可变性，并且将近三分之一的地方品种具有比进口品种更高的决定生物活性和感官特性的化合物浓度。我们记录了丙酮酸与总有机硫化合物之间的强相关性，在抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂之间。总之，化学表征揭示了抗氧化特性和化学特性的巨大的基因型依赖性变化，从而确定了具有优良特性，营养和药学价值的特定地方品种。