ABSTRACT Symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, arranged along a continuum, are commonly associated with neuropsychological and academic deficits, even in the general population. The aim of this study is to analyze how Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with the performance in neuropsychological and academic abilities (phonological processing, processing speed/automatic attention, executive functions, reading, and spelling) in school-age children. The sample consisted of 216 children from 3rd and 4th grades (M = 8.94 years old, SD =.71) from public elementary schools of two Brazilian capitals. Pearson correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were performed. Inattention symptoms were the only predictors of performance in phonological processing (phoneme suppression and rapid automatized naming of letters), processing speed/automatic attention, executive functions, such as inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, and reading fluency. Beta values ranged from .14 to .27, and the largest value was related to an inhibitory control task. Inattention, and not hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, seems to affect neuropsychological functions even in non-clinical diagnosed children. Contributions and future directions are discussed.

中文翻译：

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注意力不集中症状是 3 年级和 4 年级儿童神经心理功能的预测因素

摘要 注意力不集中和多动/冲动的症状，沿着连续体排列，通常与神经心理和学业缺陷有关，即使在一般人群中也是如此。本研究的目的是分析注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 症状如何与学龄儿童的神经心理和学业能力（语音处理、处理速度/自动注意力、执行功能、阅读和拼写）的表现相关联。 . 样本包括来自巴西两个首都公立小学的 216 名三年级和四年级儿童（M = 8.94 岁，SD =.71）。进行了皮尔逊相关和多元线性回归分析。注意力不集中症状是语音处理（音素抑制和字母的快速自动命名）、处理速度/自动注意、执行功能（如抑制控制和认知灵活性）以及阅读流畅性的唯一预测因素。Beta 值范围从 0.14 到 0.27，最大值与抑制控制任务有关。即使在非临床诊断的儿童中，注意力不集中，而不是多动/冲动症状似乎也会影响神经心理功能。讨论了贡献和未来的方向。而不是多动/冲动症状，即使在非临床诊断的儿童中，似乎也会影响神经心理功能。讨论了贡献和未来的方向。而不是多动/冲动症状，即使在非临床诊断的儿童中，似乎也会影响神经心理功能。讨论了贡献和未来的方向。