Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic obstructive respiratory disease characterized by irreversible airway limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms. The main clinical symptoms of COPD are dyspnoea, chronic cough, and sputum. COPD is often accompanied by other respiratory diseases, which can cause worsening of the disease. COPD patients with dyspnoea and aggravation of cough and sputum symptoms represent acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). There is mounting evidence suggesting that dysbiosis of pulmonary microbiota participates in the disease. However, investigations of dysbiosis of pulmonary microbiota and the disease are still in initial phases. To screen, diagnose, and treat this respiratory disease, integrating data from different studies can improve our understanding of the occurrence and development of COPD and AECOPD. In this review, COPD epidemiology and the primary triggering mechanism are explored. Emerging knowledge regarding the association of inflammation, caused by pulmonary microbiome imbalance, and changes in lung microbiome flora species involved in the development of the disease are also highlighted. These data will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD and AECOPD and may yield novel strategies for the use of pulmonary microbiota as a potential therapeutic intervention.

摘要

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种慢性阻塞性呼吸道疾病，其特征是不可逆的气道受限和持续的呼吸道症状。COPD的主要临床症状是呼吸困难，慢性咳嗽和痰。COPD常常伴有其他呼吸道疾病，可能导致疾病恶化。患有呼吸困难，咳嗽和咳嗽症状加重的COPD患者代表COPD急性加重（AECOPD）。越来越多的证据表明，肺微生物群的营养不良参与了该疾病。但是，关于肺微生物群的菌群失调和该疾病的研究仍处于初期阶段。为了筛查，诊断和治疗这种呼吸系统疾病，整合来自不同研究的数据可以提高我们对COPD和AECOPD发生与发展的了解。在这篇综述中，探讨了COPD流行病学和主要的触发机制。还强调了有关由肺微生物组失衡引起的炎症关联以及与疾病发展有关的肺微生物组菌群种类变化的新兴知识。这些数据将进一步使我们对COPD和AECOPD的发病机理有更深入的了解，并可能为利用肺部微生物群作为潜在的治疗手段提供新的策略。并强调了与疾病发展有关的肺微生物组菌群物种的变化。这些数据将进一步使我们对COPD和AECOPD的发病机理有更深入的了解，并可能为利用肺部微生物群作为潜在的治疗手段提供新的策略。并强调了与疾病发展有关的肺微生物组菌群物种的变化。这些数据将进一步使我们对COPD和AECOPD的发病机理有更深入的了解，并可能为利用肺部微生物群作为潜在的治疗手段提供新的策略。