Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is a soilborne pathogen that causes “take-all” disease, affecting cereal roots. In wheat, G. graminis var. tritici is the most important biotic factor, causing around 30 to 50% losses of yield. Chemical control of this fungal disease is difficult because G. graminis var. tritici is able to reside for a long time in soils. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly biotechnological strategies to diminish the incidence of soilborne diseases is highly desirable. Natural products are a promising strategy for biocontrol of plant pathogens. A special emphasis is on medicinal plants due to their reported fungitoxic effects. Drimys winteri (canelo) is a medicinal plant that is widely used by the Mapuche ethnic group from Chile due to its anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, inhibitory effects of canelo against phytopathogenic fungi and pest insects have been reported. In this study, we isolated, purified, and identified six drimane sesquiterpenoid compounds from canelo (drimenin, drimenol, polygodial, isodrimeninol, valdiviolide, and drimendiol). Then, we evaluated their antimicrobial effects against G. graminis var. tritici. Compounds were identified by comparing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data and the retention time in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with those of pure standards. The putative antagonistic effects were confirmed by assessing hyphal cell wall damage using confocal microscopy and lipid peroxidation. Here, we reported the high potential of drimane sesquiterpenoids as natural antifungals against G. graminis var. tritici. Polygodial and isodrimeninol were the most effective, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀s) between 7 and 10 μg ml⁻¹ and higher levels of fungal lipid peroxidation seen. Accordingly, natural sesquiterpenoids purified from canelo are biologically active against G. graminis var. tritici and could be used as natural biofungicides for sustainable agriculture.

中文翻译：

---

Drimys winteri分离的Drimane倍半萜类抗真菌剂对Gaeumannomyces graminis var的抗真菌作用。小麦

小麦全蚀病菌变种。小麦是一种土壤传播的病原体，会导致“通吃”疾病，影响谷物根部。在小麦中，G。graminis var。小麦是最重要的生物因子，可导致约30％至50％的产量损失。由于真菌G. graminis var，因此很难对该真菌疾病进行化学控制。小麦能够在土壤中长期生存。因此，迫切需要开发一种环境友好的生物技术策略以减少土壤传播疾病的发生。天然产物是对植物病原体进行生物防治的有前途的策略。由于其报道的真菌毒性作用，因此特别强调药用植物。Drimys winteri（canelo）是一种药用植物，由于其抗炎作用，被智利的Mapuche族广泛使用。另外，已经报道了canelo对植物致病真菌和害虫的抑制作用。在这项研究中，我们从canelo中分离，纯化和鉴定了6种drimane倍半萜化合物（drimenin，drimenol，polygodial，isodrimeninol，valdiviolide和drimendiol）。然后，我们评估了它们对G. graminis的抗菌作用变种 小麦。通过将傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）数据和在薄层色谱（TLC）中的保留时间与纯标准品的保留时间进行比较，可以鉴定化合物。通过使用共聚焦显微镜和脂质过氧化作用评估菌丝对细胞壁的损害，证实了其可能的拮抗作用。在这里，我们报道了drimane倍半萜类化合物作为针对G. graminis var的天然抗真菌剂的巨大潜力。小麦。多糖和异烯菊醇是最有效的，致死浓度（LC ₅₀ s）的50％致死浓度在7至10μgml ^-1之间，且真菌脂质过氧化水平更高。因此，从卡诺拉纯化的天然倍半萜类化合物对格里米斯芽孢杆菌具有生物活性。变种 小麦，可用作可持续农业的天然生物杀真菌剂。