Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for replacing lost cells involved in neurodegenerative diseases. High efficiency of differentiation and full cell viability are actual challenges to achieve the translation of cell therapies to the clinic. To address this, the construction of aqueous two‐phase systems in three‐dimensional (ATPS‐3D) cultures has been proposed. This technique involves the combination of two polymers in which cells are confined in dextran droplets immersed over a substrate located in a poly(ethylene glycol) phase. The controlled placement of cells in a defined pattern promotes intercellular communication. This review aims to provide insight into the techniques used to enhance neural differentiation and current challenges to achieve the implementation of cell therapies. Cell density, colony size, interconnectivity and an appropriate substrate to modulate paracrine signaling are factors that determine neural differentiation efficiency during the construction of ATPS‐3D cultures. Hence, this contact‐free technique enables the design of neural niches to recapitulate in vivo environments more accurately. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)

中文翻译：

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在3D培养中使用水性两相系统分化神经元干细胞的新方法

干细胞疗法已成为替代涉及神经退行性疾病的丢失细胞的有前途的替代方法。高效的分化和完整的细胞活力是实现细胞疗法向临床转化的实际挑战。为了解决这个问题，已经提出了在三维（ATPS-3D）培养中建造水相两相系统的建议。该技术涉及两种聚合物的组合，其中将细胞限制在浸没在位于聚乙二醇相中的基质上的葡聚糖液滴中。以限定的模式控制细胞的放置促进细胞间的通讯。这篇综述旨在深入了解用于增强神经分化的技术和当前挑战，以实现细胞疗法的实施。细胞密度，菌落大小，互连性和调节旁分泌信号传导的合适底物是决定ATPS-3D培养物构建过程中神经分化效率的因素。因此，这种无接触技术使神经环境的设计得以概括体内环境更准确。©2020年化学工业协会（SCI）