The history of the idea of Neanderthal/Mousterian refugia on the Iberian Peninsula over the past three decades is reviewed. Despite the recent re-datings of several key sites that have cast doubt on late survivals, it continues to seem to be the case that Aurignacian (sensu lato) industries appeared relatively early in northern Spain, but not in southern Spain or Portugal. Although arguments for extremely late survival in Gibraltar are questioned, new information from sites in Murcia and a more conservative reading of the Gorham's Cave record seem to support the thesis of late Middle Paleolithic survival and late early Upper Paleolithic arrival in the south. Major problems continue to be the lack of either Neanderthal or Cro-Magnon human remains of late Middle Paleolithic or early Upper Paleolithic age in Iberia and the ambiguity of the Châtelperronian record in northern Spain.

中文翻译：

---

尼安德特人最后一站？MIS 3后期对伊比利亚避难所的思考

回顾了过去三十年来伊比利亚半岛上尼安德特人/穆斯特人避难所的想法的历史。尽管最近对几个关键地点的重新约会对晚期生存产生了怀疑，但似乎仍然是 Aurignacian ( sensu lato )) 工业在西班牙北部出现的相对较早，但在西班牙南部或葡萄牙却没有。尽管对直布罗陀极晚生存的论点提出质疑，但来自穆尔西亚遗址的新信息和对戈勒姆洞穴记录的更保守解读似乎支持晚期旧石器时代晚期生存和上旧石器时代晚期早期到达南部的论点。主要问题仍然是伊比利亚缺乏旧石器时代晚期或上旧石器时代早期的尼安德特人或克罗马农人遗骸，以及西班牙北部的 Châtelperronian 记录不明确。