Macrophytes are a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in the biocontrol of harmful cyanobacteria blooms. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of extracts from three macrophytes (Nasturtium officinale, Potamogeton natans and Ranunculus aquatilis) on Microcystis aeruginosa. We assessed physiological indicators of inhibition on M. aeruginosa, including lipid peroxidation, protein content, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and growth. The chemical composition of the macrophyte extracts and their specific allelochemicals were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that M. aeruginosa growth was significantly inhibited after 8 days of exposure, with inhibitory rate varying from 96.98% to 99.01%. The macrophyte extracts caused cyanobacterial cell membrane and antioxidant defence system damage. Thirteen different compounds were identified as allelochemical compounds that could be responsible for M. aeruginosa growth inhibition and oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that allelopathic compounds from macrophytes may be used to effectively control cyanobacteria blooms and promote the restoration of aquatic ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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三种大型植物提取物对铜绿微囊藻生长和生理的抑制作用及其机制

大型植物是生物活性化合物的有前途的来源，在有害蓝藻水华的生物防治中具有潜在的应用前景。在这项研究中，我们研究了三种大型植物（金莲花，南豆蔻和水生毛an）的提取物对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用。我们评估了铜绿假单胞菌抑制的生理指标，包括脂质过氧化，蛋白质含量，超氧化物歧化酶活性，过氧化氢酶活性和生长。使用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析了大型植物提取物及其特定化感物质的化学成分。结果显示铜绿假单胞菌暴露8天后，生长被显着抑制，抑制率从96.98％到99.01％不等。大型植物提取物引起蓝细菌细胞膜和抗氧化防御系统的损害。十三种不同的化合物被鉴定为可能导致铜绿假单胞菌生长抑制和氧化应激的化感化学化合物。我们的发现表明，大型植物的化感作用化合物可用于有效控制蓝藻水华并促进水生生态系统的恢复。