Most shrimp aquaculture systems rely to a large extent on the ecosystem services, and therefore, the species are inherently vulnerable to climate change effects. To study the adaptability of Penaeus vannamei under the change in salinity caused by climatic events like heavy rainfall, shrimp were exposed to salinity stress by reducing the salinity gradually and drastically. Shrimp survival rate, water and serum osmolality, ionic regulation and Na⁺‐K⁺‐ATPase activity were examined to ascertain the adaptability. Survival was 100% in all the treatments of gradual salinity reduction and 95% up to 5 ppt when salinity was reduced drastically. In both the stress experiments, P. vannamei effectively regulated its serum osmolality within a narrow range of 727–484 mOsm/kg in gradual and 713–510 mOsm/kg in drastic experiments against the wide range of medium osmolality by increasing its osmoregulatory capacity. The ionic profile in the shrimp tissue (Ca>K>Na>Mg) was entirely different from the profiles of the serum (Na>Ca>K>Mg) and medium (Na>Mg>Ca>K). In summary, P. vannamei being a strong hyper osmoregulator retains the essential ions at requisite concentrations through active transport by increasing the Na⁺‐K⁺‐ATPase enzyme activity to endure and survive under low salinities. This excellent osmoregulatory property places P. vannamei as the best contender for climate‐resilient aquaculture where salinity may vary due to climatic events such as heavy rainfall.

中文翻译：

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暴露于气候变化引起的低盐度的南美白对虾对虾的渗透离子调节

大多数虾类水产养殖系统在很大程度上依赖生态系统服务，因此，该物种固有地易受气候变化影响。为了研究南美白对虾在由于强降雨等气候事件而导致的盐度变化下的适应性，通过逐渐并大幅降低盐度来使虾遭受盐分胁迫。检查虾的存活率，水和血清渗透压，离子调节和Na ⁺ -K ⁺ -ATPase活性，以确定适应性。在所有逐渐降低盐度的治疗中，存活率均为100％；当盐度急剧降低时，存活率最高为5 ppt时为95％。在两个压力实验中，南美白对虾通过提高渗透压调节能力，可在大范围的实验中有效地调节其血清渗透压在727-484 mOsm / kg的较窄范围内，在剧烈实验中在713-510 mOsm / kg的较宽范围内有效调节。虾组织中的离子分布（Ca> K> Na> Mg）与血清（Na> Ca> K> Mg）和培养基（Na> Mg> Ca> K）的分布完全不同。总之，南美白对虾是一种强渗透调节剂，通过增加Na ⁺ -K ⁺ -ATPase的酶活度，使其在低盐度下存活并存活，从而通过主动转运将必需离子保持在必要浓度。这种出色的渗透调节性能将南美白对虾 作为具有气候适应性的水产养殖的最佳竞争者，该地区的盐度可能因降雨等气候事件而发生变化。