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Symbiotic soil fungi enhance resistance and resilience of an experimental grassland to drought and nitrogen deposition
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13521 Yangyang Jia 1, 2 , Marcel G. A. Heijden 1, 3 , Cameron Wagg 1, 4 , Gu Feng 2 , Florian Walder 1
中文翻译：
共生土壤真菌增强了实验草原对干旱和氮沉降的抵抗力和复原力
更新日期：2020-10-22
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13521 Yangyang Jia 1, 2 , Marcel G. A. Heijden 1, 3 , Cameron Wagg 1, 4 , Gu Feng 2 , Florian Walder 1
Affiliation
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- Ecosystem stability is threatened by multiple global change factors such as drought and elevated nitrogen deposition. Yet, it is still poorly understood whether soil organisms can buffer against such perturbations. Here we focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a common and widespread group of soil fungi. AMF form symbiotic associations with the majority of terrestrial land plants and promote a range of ecosystem services including plant production, diversity and nutrient cycling.
- We tested whether AMF have the ability to enhance the resistance and resilience of plant communities under soil moisture deficit (hereby drought) and nitrogen deposition. Grassland microcosms with 11 different plant species were established with and without AMF and exposed to elevated nitrogen levels and to an intermittent period of drought.
- Drought strongly reduced plant productivity and nitrogen cycling, but had limited effects on plant diversity. Nitrogen enrichment reduced plant diversity and increased nitrogen leaching and N2O emissions. The presence of AMF enhanced plant productivity, plant diversity and reduced nitrogen losses. AMF facilitated the resistance of plant productivity and nitrogen cycling to drought and the recovery of the plant community structure back to its pre drought state. Furthermore, AMF also mitigated the adverse effects of nitrogen enrichment on the resistance of multiple ecosystem functions to drought.
- Synthesis. Our work highlights the integral role of AMF for the stability of ecosystem functioning; AMF are not only able to promote resistance to harsh conditions of global change but also improve resilience by enabling plant communities to recover. These findings underline AMF's insurance capacity to buffer ecosystems against global change.
中文翻译：
共生土壤真菌增强了实验草原对干旱和氮沉降的抵抗力和复原力
- 生态系统的稳定受到多种全球变化因素的威胁，例如干旱和高氮沉积。但是，对于土壤生物是否可以缓冲这种干扰仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们重点研究丛枝菌根真菌（AMF），这是一种常见且广泛分布的土壤真菌。AMF与大多数陆地植物形成共生关系，并促进一系列生态系统服务，包括植物生产，多样性和养分循环。
- 我们测试了AMF在土壤水分缺乏（因此干旱）和氮沉降下是否具有增强植物群落抗性和复原力的能力。在有或没有AMF的条件下，建立了具有11种不同植物物种的草原缩影，并暴露于高氮水平和间歇干旱期间。
- 干旱严重降低了植物的生产力和氮循环，但对植物多样性的影响有限。氮富集减少了植物的多样性，增加了氮的淋失和N 2 O的排放。AMF的存在提高了工厂的生产力，工厂的多样性并减少了氮的损失。AMF促进了植物生产力和氮循环对干旱的抵抗，并使植物群落结构恢复到干旱前的状态。此外，AMF还减轻了氮富集对多种生态系统功能抗旱的不利影响。
- 综合。我们的工作强调了AMF对生态系统功能稳定的不可或缺的作用；AMF不仅能够增强抵御全球变化的严酷条件的能力，而且还能够通过使植物群落恢复活力来提高抵御能力。这些发现强调了AMF的保险能力，可以缓冲生态系统免受全球变化的影响。
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