Abstract Aim Simulation models are important tools for quantifying the resilience (i.e., persistence under changed environmental conditions) of forest ecosystems to global change. We synthesized the modelling literature on forest resilience, summarizing common models and applications in resilience research, and scrutinizing the implementation of important resilience mechanisms in these models. Models applied to assess resilience are highly diverse, and our goal was to assess how well they account for important resilience mechanisms identified in experimental and empirical research. Location Global. Time period 1994 to 2019. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We reviewed the forest resilience literature using online databases, selecting 119 simulation modelling studies for further analysis. We identified a set of resilience mechanisms from the general resilience literature and analysed models for their representation of these mechanisms. Analyses were grouped by investigated drivers (resilience to what) and responses (resilience of what), as well as by the type of model being used. Results Models used to study forest resilience varied widely, from analytical approaches to complex landscape simulators. The most commonly addressed questions were associated with resilience of forest cover to fire. Important resilience mechanisms pertaining to regeneration, soil processes, and disturbance legacies were explicitly simulated in only 34 to 46% of the model applications. Main conclusions We found a large gap between processes identified as underpinning forest resilience in the theoretical and empirical literature, and those represented in models used to assess forest resilience. Contemporary forest models developed for other goals may be poorly suited for studying forest resilience during an era of accelerating change. Our results highlight the need for a new wave of model development to enhance understanding of and management for resilient forests.

中文翻译：

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模拟森林恢复力：回顾


摘要 目的 模拟模型是量化森林生态系统对全球变化的恢复力（即变化的环境条件下的持久性）的重要工具。我们综合了森林恢复力的建模文献，总结了恢复力研究中的常见模型和应用，并仔细研究了这些模型中重要恢复力机制的实施。用于评估弹性的模型高度多样化，我们的目标是评估它们如何解释实验和实证研究中确定的重要弹性机制。地点 全球。 1994 年至 2019 年期间。主要分类单元研究树木。方法 我们利用在线数据库回顾了森林恢复力文献，选择了 119 个模拟建模研究进行进一步分析。我们从一般弹性文献中确定了一组弹性机制，并分析了代表这些机制的模型。分析按调查的驱动因素（对什么的弹性）和响应（对什么的弹性）以及所使用的模型类型进行分组。结果 用于研究森林恢复力的模型差异很大，从分析方法到复杂的景观模拟器。最常见的问题与森林覆盖对火灾的抵御能力有关。仅 34% 至 46% 的模型应用明确模拟了与再生、土壤过程和扰动遗产相关的重要恢复机制。主要结论 我们发现，理论和实证文献中确定的支撑森林恢复力的过程与用于评估森林恢复力的模型中所代表的过程之间存在很大差距。 为其他目标开发的当代森林模型可能不太适合研究加速变化时代的森林恢复力。我们的结果强调需要新一波模型开发，以加强对弹性森林的理解和管理。