Superthermal electron precipitation is one of the main sources supporting the Mars nightside ionosphere. It is expected that solar wind electron fluxes are to increase significantly during interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and therefore an enhanced nightside ionospheric density. This study is to quantify the variation of the precipitating and deposited electron fluxes during five extreme ICMEs encountered by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). We find that energy fluxes correlate better with the upstream dynamic pressure proxy than number fluxes and electron fluxes increase more at high energies, which means that electrons tend to have a lower peak production altitude during storm times. The precipitating and net/deposited fluxes are increased up to an order of magnitude from low to high dynamic pressures. The estimated total electron content (TEC) is a few times of 10¹⁴ m⁻² for quiet times and on the order of 10¹⁵ m⁻² for storm times, with an enhancement up to an order of magnitude locally near strong crustal fields. Crustal magnetic fields have an effect on the deposited fluxes with more prominent magnetic reflection over strong magnetic fields during quiet periods, which is significantly reduced during storm times. Lastly, we estimate a global energy input from downward fluxes of 1.1 × 10⁸ and 5.5 × 10⁸ W and the globally deposited energy from net fluxes of 2.0 × 10⁷ and 1.6 × 10⁸ W for quiet and storm time periods, a factor of 5 and 8 enhancement globally, respectively, but up to an order of magnitude locally near strong crustal fields.

中文翻译：

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ICME期间火星夜间的超热电子沉积

超高温电子沉淀是支持火星夜间电离层的主要来源之一。预计在行星际冠状物质抛射（ICME）期间，太阳风电子通量将显着增加，因此，夜间的电离层密度将增加。这项研究旨在量化火星全球测量师（MGS）遇到的五个极端ICME期间沉淀和沉积电子通量的变化。我们发现，能量通量与上游动压代理的相关性比数量通量和电子通量在高能时的增加更好，这意味着电子在风暴期间倾向于具有较低的峰值生产高度。从低动压到高动压，沉淀通量和净/沉积通量都增加到一个数量级。10 ¹⁴ 米^-2安静时间和量级10 ¹⁵ 米^-2风暴次，增强高达大小的局部靠近强地壳字段的顺序。地壳磁场对沉积的通量产生影响，在安静期间，强磁场会产生更强烈的磁反射，这在风暴期间会大大减少。最后，我们估计来自1.1×10 ⁸和5.5×10 ⁸  W的向下通量的总能量输入，以及来自2.0×10 ⁷和1.6×10 ^8的净通量的全局沉积能量。 在安静和暴风雨期间，W分别在全球范围内增加5到8倍，但在强地壳附近局部达到一个数量级。