The leading mode of the global sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) on the interannual time scale is a quasi‐quadrennial oscillation mode, corresponding to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle. Using observational data diagnosis and numerical simulations, we show that the global SSTA during the quadrennial cycle has significant impacts on the anomaly of diabatic heating over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer. Idealized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments forced by the global SSTA with and without the thermal forcing of the TP diabatic heating anomaly reveal the relative contributions of the SSTA direct effect and the TP feedback to the anomalous response of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). During the quadrennial oscillation, in the developing year summer, the diabatic heating weakens over the whole TP, inducing suppressed EASM precipitation accompanied by an anomalous cyclone over the northwestern Pacific and an anticyclone in North China. In the decaying year summer, the TP heating, characterized by an anomalous negative‐positive pattern, induces an anomalous anticyclone in South China and an anomalous cyclone in North China. However, without the anomalous TP thermal forcing, in both developing and decaying years the EASM shows similar response patterns with an anomalous anticyclone over the northwestern Pacific, an anomalous cyclone in North China, and an enhanced main rainfall band. Therefore, the TP thermal feedback plays a key role in the asymmetric responses of the EASM to the global SSTA during the different stages, characterized by suppressed precipitation in developing years and an enhanced main rainfall band in decaying years.

中文翻译：

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东亚夏季风对与青藏高原热反馈相关的全球海表温度每四年一次振荡的不对称响应

在每年的时间尺度上，全球海面温度异常（SSTA）的主导模式是准四年一次的振荡模式，对应于厄尔尼诺-南方涛动周期。使用观测数据诊断和数值模拟，我们表明，四年期的全球SSTA对夏季青藏高原（TP）的非绝热加热异常有重大影响。由全球SSTA在有和没有TP绝热加热异常的热强迫作用下进行的理想大气总循环模型（AGCM）实验揭示了SSTA直接效应和TP反馈对东亚夏季风异常响应的相对贡献（ EASM）。在四年一次的振荡期间，在发展中的夏季，整个绝热层的绝热加热减弱，导致抑制的EASM降水，并伴有西北太平洋上空的异常气旋和华北地区的反气旋。在衰减的夏季，TP加热具有异常的正负模式，在华南地区引起异常的反气旋，在华北地区引起异常的气旋。但是，在没有异常TP热强迫的情况下，在发展和衰变的年份中，EASM都显示出相似的响应模式，即西北太平洋上空的反气旋异常，华北地区的异常气旋和增强的主降水带。因此，TP热反馈在不同阶段的EASM对全球SSTA的非对称响应中起着关键作用，其特征是在发展中的年份抑制了降水，而在衰变的年份增强了主要降雨带。