Modeling the neuromuscular junction in vitro : an approach to study neuromuscular junction disorders,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Modeling the neuromuscular junction in vitro : an approach to study neuromuscular junction disorders
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-10 , DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14504
María José Castellanos‐Montiel _{1,

2} , Iván Velasco _{1,

3} , Itzel Escobedo‐Avila ₁

Affiliation

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized structure that works as an interface to translate the action potential of the presynaptic motor neuron (MN) in the contraction of the postsynaptic myofiber. The design of appropriate experimental models is essential to have efficient and reliable approaches to study NMJ development and function, but also to generate conditions that recapitulate distinct features of diseases. Initial studies relied on the use of tissue slices maintained under the same environment and in which single motor axons were difficult to trace. Later, MNs and muscle cells were obtained from primary cultures or differentiation of progenitors and cocultured as monolayers; however, the tissue architecture was lost. Current approaches include self-assembling 3D structures or the incorporation of biomaterials with cells to generate engineered tissues, although the incorporation of Schwann cells remains a challenge. Thus, numerous investigations have established different NMJ models, some of which are quite complex and challenging. Our review summarizes the in vitro models that have emerged in recent years to coculture MNs and skeletal muscle, trying to mimic the healthy and diseased NMJ. We expect our review may serve as a reference for choosing the appropriate experimental model for the required purposes of investigation.

中文翻译：

体外神经肌肉接头建模：一种研究神经肌肉接头疾病的方法

神经肌肉接头 (NMJ) 是一种特殊结构，可作为接口在突触后肌纤维收缩时转换突触前运动神经元 (MN) 的动作电位。适当的实验模型的设计对于研究 NMJ 发育和功能的有效和可靠方法至关重要，而且对于产生概括疾病不同特征的条件也是必不可少的。最初的研究依赖于使用保持在相同环境下的组织切片，其中单个运动轴突难以追踪。后来，从原代培养物或祖细胞的分化中获得MNs和肌肉细胞，并作为单层共培养；然而，组织结构丢失了。目前的方法包括自组装 3D 结构或将生物材料与细胞结合以生成工程组织，尽管雪旺细胞的结合仍然是一个挑战。因此，许多研究建立了不同的 NMJ 模型，其中一些非常复杂和具有挑战性。我们的综述总结了近年来出现的共培养 MN 和骨骼肌的体外模型，试图模仿健康和患病的 NMJ。我们希望我们的评论可以作为为调查所需的目的选择合适的实验模型的参考。我们的综述总结了近年来出现的共培养 MN 和骨骼肌的体外模型，试图模仿健康和患病的 NMJ。我们希望我们的评论可以作为为调查所需的目的选择合适的实验模型的参考。我们的综述总结了近年来出现的共培养 MN 和骨骼肌的体外模型，试图模仿健康和患病的 NMJ。我们希望我们的评论可以作为为调查所需的目的选择合适的实验模型的参考。

更新日期：2020-10-10

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