Although influenza is primarily considered a respiratory infection and causes significant respiratory mortality, evidence suggests that influenza has an additional burden due to broader consequences of the illness. Some of these broader consequences include cardiovascular events, exacerbations of chronic underlying conditions, increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, functional decline, and poor pregnancy outcomes, all of which may lead to an increased risk for hospitalization and death. Although it is methodologically difficult to measure these impacts, epidemiological and interventional study designs have evolved over recent decades to better take them into account. Recognizing these broader consequences of influenza virus infection is essential to determine the full burden of influenza among different subpopulations and the value of preventive approaches. In this review, we outline the main influenza complications and societal impacts beyond the classical respiratory symptoms of the disease.

尽管流感主要被认为是一种呼吸道感染，并会导致严重的呼吸道疾病，但有证据表明，由于疾病的广泛后果，流感还增加了负担。这些更广泛的后果包括心血管事件，慢性潜在疾病的恶化，对继发性细菌感染的敏感性增加，功能下降和不良妊娠结局，所有这些都可能导致住院和死亡的风险增加。尽管从方法上很难衡量这些影响，但近几十年来流行病学和干预研究设计已经发展起来，可以更好地将它们考虑在内。认识到流感病毒感染的这些更广泛的后果对于确定不同亚人群之间的流感负担和预防方法的价值至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了该疾病的经典呼吸道症状以外的主要流感并发症和社会影响。