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Laser Ultrasonic inspection of a Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) sample with artificial defects
Ultrasonics ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106273
Yan Zeng , Xiaokai Wang , Xunpeng Qin , Lin Hua , Man Xu

Certain defects like pores, incomplete fusion and micro cracks are sometimes inevitable in Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) components. However, these defects cannot be detected easily by conventional ultrasonic testing due to the rough surface and high temperature of WAAM components. In this paper, a Laser Ultrasonic (LU) system, consist of a pulsed laser and a laser interferometer, is employed to achieve non-contact inspection of artificial defects (crack, flat bottom hole and through hole) in a WAAM sample without surface machining. First, several WAAM samples with different welding parameters are manufactured by a robotic Gas Metal Arc Manufacture (GMAW) system. The 2D profiles of these samples are measured and reconstructed by a geometric optical measuring instrument for Finite Element (FE) analysis. Then, the multi-physics (Heat Transfer, Solid Mechanics, Pressure Acoustics) coupled FE model is established to simulate LU inspection of defects in the WAAM sample. The propagation of laser ultrasonic waves in the WAAM sample, as well as the mechanism of interaction between ultrasonic waves and defects is investigated numerically. In addition, LU inspection experiments are designed and conducted to obtain the A- and B-scan plots of different defects in the WAAM sample. Finally, quantitative inspection of the artificial defects is realized by analyzing the A- and B-scan plots. This paper verifies the feasibility of LU inspection of WAAM components without surface machining.

中文翻译:

具有人工缺陷的线材 + 电弧添加剂制造 (WAAM) 样品的激光超声波检测

在焊丝 + 电弧添加剂制造 (WAAM) 部件中,某些缺陷,例如气孔、不完全熔合和微裂纹有时是不可避免的。然而,由于 WAAM 组件的表面粗糙和高温,这些缺陷无法通过传统的超声波检测轻松检测到。在本文中,采用由脉冲激光器和激光干涉仪组成的激光超声 (LU) 系统,无需表面加工即可实现对 WAAM 样品中人工缺陷(裂纹、平底孔和通孔)的非接触检测。 . 首先,几个具有不同焊接参数的 WAAM 样品由机器人气体金属电弧制造 (GMAW) 系统制造。这些样品的二维轮廓由用于有限元 (FE) 分析的几何光学测量仪器测量和重建。然后,建立了多物理场(传热、固体力学、压力声学)耦合有限元模型,模拟 WAAM 样品缺陷的 LU 检测。数值研究了激光超声波在 WAAM 样品中的传播,以及超声波与缺陷之间的相互作用机制。此外,还设计并进行了 LU 检查实验,以获得 WAAM 样品中不同缺陷的 A 和 B 扫描图。最后,通过分析 A 和 B 扫描图实现对人工缺陷的定量检测。本文验证了在不进行表面加工的情况下对 WAAM 组件进行 LU 检查的可行性。数值研究了激光超声波在 WAAM 样品中的传播,以及超声波与缺陷之间的相互作用机制。此外,还设计并进行了 LU 检查实验,以获得 WAAM 样品中不同缺陷的 A 和 B 扫描图。最后,通过分析 A 和 B 扫描图实现对人工缺陷的定量检测。本文验证了在不进行表面加工的情况下对 WAAM 组件进行 LU 检查的可行性。数值研究了激光超声波在 WAAM 样品中的传播,以及超声波与缺陷之间的相互作用机制。此外,还设计并进行了 LU 检查实验,以获得 WAAM 样品中不同缺陷的 A 和 B 扫描图。最后,通过分析 A 和 B 扫描图实现对人工缺陷的定量检测。本文验证了在不进行表面加工的情况下对 WAAM 组件进行 LU 检查的可行性。人工缺陷的定量检测是通过分析 A 和 B 扫描图来实现的。本文验证了在不进行表面加工的情况下对 WAAM 组件进行 LU 检查的可行性。人工缺陷的定量检测是通过分析 A 和 B 扫描图来实现的。本文验证了在不进行表面加工的情况下对 WAAM 组件进行 LU 检查的可行性。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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