Behavior is the neuronally controlled, voluntary or involuntary response of an organism to its environment. An increasing body of evidence indicates that microbes, which live closely associated with animals or in their immediate surroundings, significantly influence animals' behavior. The extreme complexity of the nervous system of animals, combined with the extraordinary microbial diversity, are two major obstacles to understand, at the molecular level, how microbes modulate animal behavior. In this review, we discuss recent advances in dissecting the impact that bacteria have on the nervous system of two genetically tractable invertebrate models, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.

中文翻译：

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细菌如何影响宿主神经系统和行为：苍蝇和蠕虫的教训

行为是生物体对其环境的神经控制、自愿或非自愿反应。越来越多的证据表明，与动物密切相关或其周围环境生活的微生物对动物的行为有显着影响。动物神经系统的极端复杂性，加上非凡的微生物多样性，是在分子水平上理解微生物如何调节动物行为的两大障碍。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在剖析细菌对两种遗传易处理的无脊椎动物模型（黑腹果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫）的神经系统的影响方面的最新进展。