Brucellosis is considered a prevailing endemic infectious disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and represents a health problem with socio-economic burden. There are two main Brucella species that cause human brucellosis; Brucella abortus, and Brucella melitensis. The clinical features range from asymptomatic to the acute symptoms of fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, nausea/vomiting, anorexia and malaise in addition to the subsequent complications that might occur. The endemicity of brucellosis might be explained due to obstacles in controlling the importation of animals for slaughtering during Hajj periods and for several other predisposing factors. The distribution of the disease is all over the country and the most prevalent part is the south followed by north and then the east and central parts. However, in the complexity of brucellosis control measures, there are several activities which have been implemented to tackle the disease such as mass vaccination of animals, regulating importation of slaughter animals, and improving public awareness. This review provides a detailed description of the status of brucellosis in Saudi Arabia, which includes epidemiology, clinical characteristics, virulence and pathophysiology, and prevention of the disease.

布鲁氏菌病被认为是沙特阿拉伯王国流行的地方性传染病，是造成社会经济负担的健康问题。导致人类布鲁氏菌病的布鲁氏菌主要有两种：流产布鲁氏菌和羊布鲁氏菌。临床特征包括无症状到发烧、关节痛、肌肉痛、头痛、恶心/呕吐、厌食和不适等急性症状，以及可能发生的后续并发症。布鲁氏菌病的流行可能是由于在朝觐期间控制屠宰动物进口方面存在障碍以及其他一些诱发因素造成的。该病分布全国各地，以南部地区最为流行，其次是北部地区，然后是东部和中部地区。然而，由于布鲁氏菌病控制措施的复杂性，已经采取了多项措施来应对该疾病，例如对动物进行大规模疫苗接种、规范屠宰动物的进口以及提高公众意识。本综述详细描述了沙特阿拉伯布鲁氏菌病的现状，包括流行病学、临床特征、毒力和病理生理学以及疾病的预防。