Antioxidants are one of the effective treatment lines in managing type 2 diabetes (typ2diab) and its complications. Nanoformulations could help in ameliorating the oral bioavailability and biocompatibility properties. Ellagic acid (Ella) is a natural antioxidant compound commonly present in fruits. This study examined the effect Ella nanoparticles (Ella NPs) alone and combined with metformin, the standard antidiabetic drug, on controlling blood glucose in typ2diab. Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Except for the control group that was fed a regular pellet diet, all animals were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks. For the last 4 weeks, rats were injected with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Then the rats were randomized into 8 groups: control, HFD, diabetic, Ella, Ella + metformin, Ella NPs, and Ella NPs + metformin. Data showed that Ella NPs improved blood glucose levels and the body weights of diabetic rats throughout all the weeks of the experiment whereas effects of the regular Ella were limited to the last two weeks of the treatment. Additionally, data demonstrated that the antidiabetic action of Ella NPs and its effective duration were similar to metformin. Ella NPs led to a lowering effect on lipid profile markers (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)), superior to the regular Ella, which reduced only TG and VLDL. Results of the pathological examination showed improved number and activity of beta islets in all treatment groups. The most enhanced islets were in the Ella NPs and metformin group. The different treatments decreased caspase 3 and increased insulin gene expression, and the effect was superior in the Ella NPs and metformin group. The results of this study confirmed that Ella could manage typ2diab by lowering glucose and lipid levels and improving body weight with the superiority of Ella NPs. The mechanisms behind these effects are inhibition of beta-cell apoptosis and stimulation of insulin production.

抗氧化剂是治疗2型糖尿病（typ2diab）及其并发症的有效治疗方法之一。纳米制剂可以帮助改善口服生物利用度和生物相容性。鞣花酸（Ella）是一种常见于水果中的天然抗氧化剂。这项研究检查了单独使用Ella纳米颗粒（Ella NPs）并与标准抗糖尿病药物二甲双胍联合使用对控制typ2diab中血糖的作用。本研究使用了48只成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠。除常规饮食为对照组的对照组外，所有动物均喂养高脂饮食（HFD）9周。在最后4周，给大鼠注射链脲佐菌素（35mg / kg）。然后将大鼠随机分为8组：对照组，HFD，糖尿病，Ella，Ella +二甲双胍，Ella NP和Ella NP +二甲双胍。数据显示，在整个实验的整个星期中，Ella NP均可改善糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平和体重，而常规Ella的作用仅限于治疗的最后两周。此外，数据表明Ella NP的抗糖尿病作用及其有效持续时间与二甲双胍相似。与常规的Ella相比，Ella NP对脂质谱标志物（总胆固醇（TC），甘油三酸酯（TG），低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和非常低密度脂蛋白（VLDL））的影响降低。仅减少了TG和VLDL。病理检查结果显示，所有治疗组的β胰岛数目和活性均得到改善。胰岛增强最多的是Ella NP和二甲双胍组。不同的处理降低了caspase 3的表达并增加了胰岛素基因的表达，在Ella NP和二甲双胍组中效果更佳。这项研究的结果证实，Ella可以通过降低葡萄糖和脂质水平并改善体重来治疗typ2diab，并具有Ella NP的优势。这些作用背后的机制是抑制β细胞凋亡和刺激胰岛素产生。