Abstract The Olduvai Gorge is considered one of the most relevant archaeological complexes with regards to the study of our human evolution. This is especially evident when studying the emergence of hunting practices over the past 1.7 Ma. Butchery activities have been documented throughout Bed II, including the exploitation of megafauna in a larger number of sites. Among these, Hippopotamus, giraffe, sivatherium and large bovids have been documented to be consumed by hominins in, BK, TK, FLK-West and SHK between 1.3 and 1.7 Ma. Similar evidence has also been found in sites from Koobi Fora (Kenya), Peninj (Tanzania) and Ain Hanech (Marroco). Contrary to sites of lower Pleistocene earlier than 1.3 Ma, human butchery practices later than this are scarce during the transition between the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. This is due to a lack of sites with lithic tools associated with faunal remains during this period in Eastern Africa. The Acheulean site of Juma’s Korongo 2 (JK2) of the Olduvai Gorge Bed III is one of the few known sites with faunal remains associated with stone tools in East Africa. Under this premise, the present study therefore revisits the taphonomy of JK2, confirming that hominins had primary access to carcasses in this site, followed by carnivores. This is seen by a lower frequency of tooth marks contrary to previous studies of this same site, alongside the location and frequencies of cut and percussion marks on bone. This suggests early access to carcass by humans in the bone assemblage of JK2.

中文翻译：

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直立人在 Juma's korongo 2 (JK2), Bed III, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania 的下更新世 acheulean 遗址的哺乳动物屠杀

摘要 奥杜威峡谷被认为是与人类进化研究最相关的考古群之一。在研究过去 1.7 Ma 狩猎实践的出现时，这一点尤其明显。屠宰活动已被记录在整个床 II 中，包括在更多地点开发大型动物群。其中，河马、长颈鹿、sivatherium 和大型牛科动物已被记录在 1.3 到 1.7 Ma 之间被古人类、BK、TK、FLK-West 和 SHK 食用。在 Koobi Fora（肯尼亚）、Peninj（坦桑尼亚）和 Ain Hanech（Marroco）的遗址中也发现了类似的证据。与早于 1.3 Ma 的下更新世遗址相反，在下更新世和中更新世之间的过渡期间，晚于此的人类屠杀实践很少。这是因为在此期间东非缺乏与动物遗骸相关的石器工具的遗址。奥杜威峡谷床 III 的朱马 Korongo 2 (JK2) 的 Acheulean 遗址是为数不多的与东非石器相关的动物群遗骸的已知遗址之一。因此，在此前提下，本研究重新审视了 JK2 的埋藏学，确认人类主要接触该地点的尸体，其次是食肉动物。与之前对同一部位的研究相反，牙痕的频率较低，以及骨骼上切割和敲击痕迹的位置和频率也可以看出这一点。这表明人类在 JK2 的骨骼组合中早期接触到尸体。奥杜威峡谷床 III 的朱马 Korongo 2 (JK2) 的 Acheulean 遗址是为数不多的已知与东非石器相关的动物遗迹之一。因此，在此前提下，本研究重新审视了 JK2 的埋藏学，确认人类主要接触该地点的尸体，其次是食肉动物。与之前对同一部位的研究相反，牙痕的频率较低，以及骨骼上切割和敲击痕迹的位置和频率也可以看出这一点。这表明人类在 JK2 的骨骼组合中早期接触到尸体。奥杜威峡谷床 III 的朱马 Korongo 2 (JK2) 的 Acheulean 遗址是为数不多的与东非石器相关的动物群遗骸的已知遗址之一。因此，在此前提下，本研究重新审视了 JK2 的埋藏学，确认人类主要接触该地点的尸体，其次是食肉动物。与之前对同一部位的研究相反，牙痕的频率较低，以及骨骼上切割和敲击痕迹的位置和频率也可以看出这一点。这表明人类在 JK2 的骨骼组合中早期接触到尸体。其次是食肉动物。与之前对同一部位的研究相反，牙痕的频率较低，以及骨骼上切割和敲击痕迹的位置和频率也可以看出这一点。这表明人类在 JK2 的骨骼组合中早期接触到尸体。其次是食肉动物。与之前对同一部位的研究相反，牙痕的频率较低，以及骨骼上切割和敲击痕迹的位置和频率也可以看出这一点。这表明人类在 JK2 的骨骼组合中早期接触到尸体。