Abstract Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) damages rice leaf, and Thichoderma asperellum (Ta) is a potential biological agent against rice blast. The aims were to identify a reduction of leaf blast severity (LBS), induction of biochemical defense, growth promotion, physiological changes, and modulation of four genes, promoted by four Ta isolates and Ta pool (mixed four Ta isolates). Assay 1 (A1) tested Ta, applied by soil drenched (D) or foliar spraying (S), and evaluated LBS and enzyme activity after challenge inoculation (ChI). Assay 2 (A2) detected growth promotion and physiological changes (A, E, gs, and WUE) when Ta was applied by seed treatment (ST). In assay 3 (A3), plants were treated with Ta by D and S and evaluated after ChI for physiological changes, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes, and gene expression. In A1, all treatments suppressed leaf blast, and Ta (Ufra.T06) promoted CHI, GLU, LOX, and PAL activities in all applications form. In A2, the Ta pool promoted increases of 52%, 12,24%, 90%, and 40% in A, E, gs, and WUE, respectively. In A3, the Ta pool suppressed LBS by 89% and modulated J10sPR10 and LOX-RLL expression by increasing 35% and 474%, respectively. Ta pool is a stable combination for a multiple function biological agent and should be inserted in integrated rice management.

中文翻译：

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Trichoderma asperellum 调节防御基因并增强旱稻植物的气体交换

摘要 Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) 损害水稻叶片，而Thioderma asperellum (Ta) 是一种潜在的抗稻瘟病生物制剂。目的是确定叶瘟严重程度 (LBS) 的降低、生化防御的诱导、生长促进、生理变化和四种基因的调节，这些基因由四种 Ta 分离物和 Ta 池（混合四种 Ta 分离物）促进。测定 1 (A1) 测试了通过土壤浸透 (D) 或叶面喷洒 (S) 施用的 Ta，并在挑战接种 (ChI) 后评估了 LBS 和酶活性。当通过种子处理 (ST) 施用 Ta 时，测定 2 (A2) 检测到生长促进和生理变化（A、E、gs 和 WUE）。在测定 3 (A3) 中，通过 D 和 S 用 Ta 处理植物，并在 ChI 后评估其生理变化、总叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶和基因表达。在 A1 中，所有处理均抑制叶瘟，并且 Ta (Ufra.T06) 在所有应用形式中促进 CHI、GLU、LOX 和 PAL 活性。在 A2 中，Ta 池分别促进了 A、E、gs 和 WUE 的 52%、12.24%、90% 和 40% 的增长。在 A3 中，Ta 池将 LBS 抑制了 89%，并通过分别增加 35% 和 474% 来调节 J10sPR10 和 LOX-RLL 表达。Ta 池是一种多功能生物制剂的稳定组合，应插入水稻综合管理中。