Brain and gonadal hormones interplay controls metabolic and behavioral functions in a sex-related manner. However, most translational neuroscience research related to animal models of endocrine and psychiatric disorders are often carried out in male animals only.

The Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system shows sex-dependent differences and is sensitive to gonadal steroids. Based on published data from our and other laboratories, in this review we will discuss the sex related differences of NPY action on energy balance, bone homeostasis and behavior in rodents with the genetic manipulation of genes encoding NPY and its Y1, Y2 and Y5 cognate receptors.

Comparative analyses of the phenotype of transgenic and knockout NPY and Y receptor rodents unravels sex dependent differences in the functions of this neurotransmission system, potentially helping to develop therapeutics for a variety of sex-related disorders including metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and ethanol addiction.

脑激素和性腺激素的相互作用以与性相关的方式控制新陈代谢和行为功能。但是，大多数与内分泌和精神疾病的动物模型有关的转化神经科学研究通常仅在雄性动物中进行。

Neuropeptide Y（NPY）系统显示出性别依赖性，并且对性腺类固醇敏感。根据我们和其他实验室的公开数据，在本综述中，我们将通过基因编码NPY及其Y1，Y2和Y5同源受体的基因操作，讨论与啮齿动物性别相关的NPY在能量平衡，骨骼稳态和行为方面的差异。 。

对转基因和基因敲除的NPY和Y受体啮齿类动物的表型进行比较分析，揭示了该神经传递系统功能的性别依赖性差异，可能有助于开发针对多种与性相关的疾病的治疗方法，包括代谢综合征，骨质疏松症和乙醇成瘾。